Week 1 - Terminology, Metrics, Guidelines, Allostasis

Question 1

What is the definition of Physical Activity?

Answer 1

“Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure”

Including activity undertake while working, playing, carrying out house hold chores, and hobbies.

Question 2

What is the definition of Exercise?

Answer 2

is a subcategory of physical activity

• Exercise is planned, structure and repetitive
• Main different is it has an aim : improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness. E.g. improve your power, speed, cardiovascular respiratory

Question 3

What is the definition of sedentary behaviour?

Answer 3

any waking behaviour, characterised by an energy expenditure of less than 1.5METs while in a sitting or reclining posture

Question 4

What does MET stand for?

Answer 4

the Metabolic Energy of a Task (MET)

Question 5

What is a MET?

Answer 5

One MET is the energy you spend sitting at rest — your resting or basal metabolic rate.

Question 6

What are metrics?

Answer 6

How to measure physical activity and sedentary behaviour

Question 7

What are the 5 different metrics?

Answer 7

time, context, pattern, volume, intensity

Question 8

What is intensity?

Answer 8

whether someone is taking sedentary, light PA, moderate PA, vigorous PA.

Question 9

What are the different intensities of exercise?

Answer 9

sedentary = < 1.5 METS
light PA = 1.5 < 3 METS
Moderate PA = 3-6 METS
Vigorous PA = > 6 METS

Question 10

How many METS if Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity?

Answer 10

> 3 METS

Question 11

What is type?

Answer 11

categories of activities

Chores -> Inside Chores -> Sweeping, Dishes

Question 12

How else can volume be described?

Answer 12

Duration + Frequency

Question 13

How is pattern described?

Answer 13

Temporal dimension (related to time)
Contain multiple time points, or continuous measurement over a period of time

Question 14

How is context described?

Answer 14

Who you were with?
If the activity was enjoyable?
Where is someone active?
Why does it matter?

Question 15

difference between exercise and PA

Answer 15

A subcategory of physical activity as it is a planned, structured and repetitive type of activity.

Question 16

What is sedentary behavior as a MET

Answer 16

< 1.5 METS

Question 17

what is Light PA as MET

Answer 17

1.5 - 3 METS

Question 18

What is moderate PA as MET

Answer 18

3-6 METS

Question 19

What is vigorous physical activity as MET

Answer 19

> 6 METS

Question 20

What is MVPA

Answer 20

moderate to vigorous physical activity (3+ MET)

Question 21

what does type refer to

Answer 21

category of activities, as get more specific energy requirements change

Question 22

how to decide which metric to use

Answer 22

what do you need data for and to compare results combine data sources and metrics

Question 23

What are the PA guidelines for babies (below 1)

Answer 23

supervised floor based play 30+ mins

Question 24

What are SB guidelines for babies

Answer 24

no screen time, limited time of restraint (car seats) less than hour at a time

Question 25

what are the PA guidelines for toddlers 1-5

Answer 25

at least 3 hours a day including energetic play

Question 26

what are SB guidelines for toddlers

Answer 26

screen-time max 1 hour per 24 hours

Question 27

What are PA guidelines for children 5-17

Answer 27

at least 60 mins of MVPA daily. 3x days muscle and bone strengthening

Question 28

What are the SB guidelines for children

Answer 28

less than 2 hours per day tv/electronic

Question 29

what are the PA guidelines for adults (18-64)

Answer 29

active most, if not every day. 150-300mins of MVPA or 75-150mins of VPA over week. 2x week muscle strengthening

Question 30

what are SB guidelines of adults

Answer 30

minimise prolonged sitting time and break up periods

Question 31

What are the PA guidelines for older adults?

Answer 31

some form of PA, no matter age weight etc. active everyday and encourage activities such as gardening. At least 30mins MPA most days.

Question 32

What are PA guidelines for special population

Answer 32

consult relevant clinical guidelines

Question 33

physical inactivity vs sedentary behaviour

Answer 33

physical inactivity is being physical but not meeting guidelines. SB is not being physical

Question 34

what is allostasis

Answer 34

the process of achieving stability, or homeostasis, through physiological or behavioral change

Question 35

What is allostatic load?

Answer 35

the cumulative negative effects, or price body pays for being forced to adapt to various physiological challenges and adverse environment

Question 36

what environmental stressors are there

Answer 36

work, home, neighbourhood

Question 37

what major life stress are there

Answer 37

divorce, marriage, pregnant, death, uni, retirement

Question 38

what trauma or abuse is there

Answer 38

death, medical, car accident, domestic violence

Question 39

what are some individual differences

Answer 39

age, gender, experience, gene

Question 40

what is perceived stress

Answer 40

helpless, vigilance, threat -- high or low

Question 41

what are behavioural responses

Answer 41

fight or flight, way of coping, diet, smoking, drinking, exercise, PA and SB

Question 42

what are physiological responses

Answer 42

changing functions in body due to load - increase HR

Question 43

Adaption - allostatic load

Answer 43

disease and failures

Question 44

epidemiology

Answer 44

the study and analysis of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations

Question 45

does the number of people reaching MVPA guidelines increase from 18-24 to 25-34

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

is there an increase in the amount of people reaching MVPA guidelines from 25-34 to 35-44

Answer 46

no

Question 47

how many adults meet the MVPA guidelines

Answer 47

less than 50%

Question 48

are men or women more physically inactive

Answer 48

women

Question 49

how many adults meet strength guidelines

Answer 49

at best 65%

Question 50

which socioeconomic group reaches guidelines

Answer 50

highest class (60%)

Question 51

which geographical location meets guidelines

Answer 51

city (30%)

Question 52

are indigenous or non-indigenous more meeting guidelines

Answer 52

non-indigenous (48%)

Question 53

do more children meet the guidelines as they become older?

Answer 53

no not until 18 is there an increase

Question 54

are more girls or boys reaching sedentary guidelines

Answer 54

girls

Question 55

are girls or boys more reaching PA guidelines

Answer 55

boys

Question 56

which geographical location reach guidelines in children

Answer 56

inner and rural

Question 57

what socioeconomic children reach guidelines

Answer 57

regardless approx 75% meet guidelines and 12-25% meet SB - poor still slightly low