Week 10

Question 1

you cannot combine a_____ and an auxiliary in English

Answer 1

tense marker

Question 2

tense orders___

Answer 2

events

Question 3

modality determines whether the truth-conditions of a proposition should be determined …. or whether….

Answer 3

locally (extensional context) or whether they should be determined with respect to possible worlds

Question 4

No Past tense of ‘must’

• why?

Answer 4

o The proposition is true or it is desirable that is it true in every world
o Tense can’t filter some possible worlds out

Question 5

Present : = [____]

Past : = [___]

Answer 5

-Tense, +Tense

Question 6

Is future tense?

Answer 6

No, not semantically

Question 7

’s means ___

Answer 7

finite

Question 8

-past as [+Tense]: time of the event does not equal the time of the ___
• contributes to ___
-present as [-Tense]: no difference between time of the event and the time of the utterance
• NO ____

Answer 8

• utterance
• ordering
• ordering

Question 9

Future is about ____, not about tense

Answer 9

modality

Question 10

Yesterday I worked from home.
How does the event of me working from home relate to yesterday?
A) the event time of working from home (more or less) equals to the time interval denoted by yesterday
B) the event time of working from home is a proper subset of yesterday
C) yesterday is a proper subset of me working from home

Answer 10

B

-interval of working doesn’t need to be continuous

Question 11

Us:

Answer 11

now = time of the utterance, i.e., the time when the speaker utters the utterance
-the temporal anchoring of the speaker in the actual world

Question 12

Ue:

Answer 12

time of the event

• when the event takes time with respect to the time of the utterance
• the event described by the utterance

Question 13

Past: time of the ___ precedes the time of the ___

Answer 13

event, utterance

Question 14

Present: no difference between time of the ___ and the time of the ___

Answer 14

event, utterance

Question 15

Last summer I broke my ribs
• How does the event of me breaking my ribs relate to last summer?
• A: the event time of breaking my ribs (more or less) equals to the time interval denoted by last summer
• B: the event time of breaking my ribs is a proper subset of last summer
• C: last summer is a proper subset of me breaking my ribs

Answer 15

B
-we need information of event time, reference time and speech time
-reference time (last summer)
-speech time (now)
-event time (breaking my ribs)
• describes an event as it happens in the actual or possible world
• similar to taking a recording of an event

Question 16

What are the three dimensions of time?

Answer 16

• S: the speech time, the time of the utterance
• E: the event time; the time of the actual event
• R/T: the reference/topic time; the time interval which the utterance describes

Question 17

• simple tense in English:
• Past:
• Present:

Answer 17

E ⊆ T
T < S
no ordering of T and S

Question 18

(i) Mary runs
(ii) Mary is running
• The speech time equals the event time
• A: only in (i)
• B: only in (ii)
• C: both in (i) and (ii)
• D: neither in (i) nor (ii)

Answer 18

B

Question 19

Nomi has a flu
• In this utterance
• A: the speech time equals the event time
• B: the speech time doesn’t equal the event time

Answer 19

A

Question 20

• In English, simple tense relates:
• A: E and T, namely,T ⊆ E
• B: E and T, namely, E ⊆ T
• C:T and S, namely,T < S
• D:S and E,namely,E < S • E:T and S, namely,T=S

Answer 20

B

Question 21

When I got there at 6, Mary had arrived an hour earlier
• In this example 
• A: E = T
• B: E ⊆ T
• C:T ⊆ E
• D: E < T • E:T < E

Answer 21

D
• T = 6 pm
• Topic time follows the event time
• Hour gap between T and E

Question 22

have-Perfect:

Answer 22

• aspect
• T and E don’t overlap
• more precisely: E < T

[has/have]

Question 23

Present have-perfect

Answer 23

-tense: no ordering between S and T
-aspect: E < T
[has/have + past participle]

Examples:
Mary has forgotten her umbrella
You have seen that movie many times.

Question 24

Past have-Perfect

Answer 24

• Past:T < S

* have-Perfect: E < T

Question 25

What relates what? • Aspect: • Tense:

Answer 25

T and E (VP level) | T and S (TP level)

Question 26

• telic:

Answer 26

the event has concluded

Question 27

• atelic:

Answer 27

the event may or not have concluded

Question 28

God got interrupted when he was creating a unicorn • This sentence asserts that • A: God created a unicorn, hence unicorns exist (or at least existed) • B: God didn’t create a unicorn, hence unicorns might not exist C: God might or might not have created a unicorn

Answer 28

C

Question 29

God got interrupted when he created a unicorn • This sentence asserts that • A: God created a unicorn, hence unicorns exist (or at least existed) • B: God didn’t create a unicorn, hence unicorns might not exist • C: God might or might not have created a unicorn

Answer 29

A

Question 30

progressive:

Answer 30

• ongoing events (T⊆E) • the end of the event is not within the Topic time • the event may or may not be completed in the actual world • intensional --> shift to possible worlds

Question 31

intensionality

Answer 31

• a strange property of the English progressive is that it may describe events that never materialized

Question 32

I’m going to Helsinki in the summer | Example of what?

Answer 32

future (progressive)

Question 33

-Mary had eaten the banana before I arrived. | Determine tense and aspect:

Answer 33

• Tense: past o T < S • Aspect: perfect o E < T

Question 34

-When I arrived, Mary was eating the banana | Determine tense and aspect:

Answer 34

• Tense: past o T < S • Aspect: progressive o T c E

Question 35

-Mary has eaten the banana | Determine tense and aspect:

Answer 35

• Tense: present (has) o T, S (no ordering because its present) • Aspect: perfect o E < T