Week 10 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Reinforcers are those consequences that s- a behaviour, while punishers are those consequences that w- a behaviour.
Strengthen; weaken
Negative consequences involves the r- of a stimulus. Positive consequences involve the p- of a stimulus.
Removal; presentation
Strengthening a roommate’s tendency toward cleanliness by thanking her when she cleans the bathroom is an example of __ while thanks is a __.
Positive reinforcement; positive reinforcer
When Sasha was teasing the dog, it bit her. As a result, she no longer teases the dog. The bite is a __?
Positive punishment
What is a schedule of reinforcement?
Response requirement that must be met in order to obtain reinforcement.
What types of schedules are there?
Continuous, non contingent, intermittent (or partial)
What is a continuous schedule?
The consequence will always happen.
What is a non contingent schedule?
The consequence is random.
What is superstitious behaviour?
Behaviours that emerge in a non contingent schedule of reinforcement; regardless of what the animal is doing.
What is a intermittent schedule?
The consequence happens part of the time.
What is the steady state behaviour?
Stable pattern of responding that is established once an animal has had sufficient experience with a given schedule of reinforcement.
If Jason is extremely persistent in asking Neem out for a date, she will occasionally accept. Jason’s behaviour of asking Neem for a date is most likely on a what?
Variable ratio
Post reinforcement pauses are most likely to occur on which two type of simple intermittent schedules?
Fixed interval, fixed ratio
Neem only accepts Jason’s invitation when he has just been paid his monthly salary. Jason’s behaviour seems most similar to what?
Fixed interval schedule
What is taste aversion learning?
Classical conditioning phenomenon in which the taste of a food becomes associated with gastro-intestinal illness.
When do human phobias emerge?
After a single reinforcement - very difficult to extinguish
Spiders are examples of evolutionary fear __ stimuli.
Relevant
Mushrooms are examples of evolutionary fear __ stimuli.
Irrelevant
Despite getting a shock when he plugged in his toaster one day, Ted is only slightly afraid to plug his toaster in. In contrast, he is deadly afraid of spiders ever since one jumped on him. This difference in learning is an example of what?
Learning predisposition - evolutionary fear
Poker machines operate on a __ schedule of reinforcement while vending machines operate on a __ schedule of reinforcement.
Partial; continuous
When using punishment, you should what?
Make sure the person being punished is reinforced for alternative, acceptable behaviours.
A victim of sexual harassment at work is highly uncomfortable when male co-workrs tell ‘dirty jokes’, yet laughs at a dirty joke told by her husband. Her different responses to seemingly similar situations are an example of what?
Stimulus discrimination.
