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PYB202 > Week 10 - Attraction and Close Relationships > Flashcards

Week 10 - Attraction and Close Relationships Flashcards

1
Q

Determinants of Initial Attraction

A
  • Proximity/exposure
  • Similarity
  • Reciprocal liking
  • Physical attractiveness
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2
Q

Festinger et al (1950) housing study

A

In a university housing complex individuals were asked to list their 3 closest friends and 65% of the responses lived in the same building. Living by stairs and mailboxes had more upstairs friends.

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3
Q

Classroom Study (Moreland & Beach, 1992)

A

The more often a female confederate attended class the higher students would rate their attractiveness.

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4
Q

Reasons for proximity effect

A
  • More likely to cross paths
  • More exposure effect (more we are exposed to stimulus, more we come to like stimulus)
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5
Q

Why does exposure effect happen without conscious recognition?

A
  • Increases perceptual fluency (easy to process)
  • Repeated exposure to object + nothing bad happened = safe
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6
Q

Similarity between romantic partners

A

People become involved romantically with others who are equivalent in physical attractiveness

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7
Q

Friends, dates, and marriage partners similarity

A
  • Demographic variables
  • Opinions and personality
  • Interpersonal style
  • Interests and values
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8
Q

Two-stage model of the attraction process (Byrne, 1986)

A
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9
Q

Reasons for similarity-attraction

A
  • Social validation function
  • Attributions for disagreement
  • Reciprocal liking
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10
Q

Curtis & Miller (1986) liking study - IV

A

Experimenter tells you the other participant likes you or doesn’t like you

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11
Q

Curtis & Miller (1986) liking study - DV

A
  • How much do you like the person?
  • How do you act toward them when you meet again?
  • How much do they like you?
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12
Q

Curtis & Miller (1986) liking study - Results

A

Participants reported that they liked the research participant if they knew they liked them back and vice versa

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13
Q

Reasons for reciprocal liking

A
  • Rewarding - feels good to be around someone similar
  • Similarity - we like ourselves
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14
Q

Exceptions for reciprocal liking

A
  • Playing hard to get - prefer people who are moderately selective
  • Role of self-esteem - lower self-esteem individuals prefer people who criticise them
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15
Q

Physical attractiveness

A

The more attractive a person is the more positively they are viewed by others

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16
Q

Evidence of more attractive = more positive association

A
  • babies look at attractive faces for longer
  • attractive experimenters get more signatures
  • attractive suspects get lower bail and fines
  • attractive people get paid more
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17
Q

Attractive characteristics

A
  • smooth skin, pleasant expression, youthfulness
  • symmetry
  • body shape - women (fertility), men (muscles)
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18
Q

Composite faces

A

Composite faces are more familiar and prototypical

19
Q

When are composite faces more attractive

A
  • When they’re made out of attractive vs average faces
  • Contain an image of ourselves
20
Q

What are stereotypes about attractive people?

A
  • socially competent
  • more sexual, happier, and more assertive
  • in US higher in personal strength
  • in Korea higher in integrity and concern
21
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy design- Snyder, Tanke, and Berscheid (1977)

A

Male P’s talked to female P’s on the phone and were shown pictures of attractive or unattractive photo of a woman

22
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy male results - Snyder, Tanke, and Berscheid (1977)

A

Males P’s were warmer and more sociable to the female P’s they believed were attractive.

23
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy female results - Snyder, Tanke, and Berscheid (1977)

A

When men responded to attractive female P’s the women rated the male’s as:
- attractive
- confident
- animated
- warm

24
Q

What do men look for in a partner

A
  • signs of reproductive fitness
  • physical appearance (age, health)
  • attractiveness, youth
25
Q

What do women look for in a partner?

A
  • resources
  • economic and career achievements
  • ambition, industriousness, good earning capacity
26
Q

Conspicuous Consumption (Sundie et al., 2011)

A

Buying/displaying expensive items and showing off your resources/status

27
Q

Who engages in conspicuous consumption?

A

Low investment men primed with a short term situation were high in conspicuous consumption

28
Q

Perceptions of conspicuous consumption

A

Men were only attractive as short-term partners

29
Q

Types of love

A
  • Passionate love
  • Companionate love
30
Q

Passionate Love

A
  • Intense longing for a person
  • Physiological arousal
31
Q

Companionate Love

A

Feelings of intimacy and affection

32
Q

Triangular Theory of Love (Sternberg, 1988)

A
  • Passion
  • Intimacy
  • Commitment
33
Q

Intimacy

A

Self-disclosure - revelations about the self made to others

34
Q

Higher self-disclosure is associated with?

A
  • More positive affect and attraction in lab study
  • greater satisfaction, commitment and love in couples
35
Q

Gender effects of self-disclosure

A

Women disclose more than men but people disclose more when talking to women.

36
Q

Misattribution of Arousal - Dutton and Aron (1974)

A

Men who had to cross a scary bridge to meet a female confederate were more likely to call her back presumably because they mistook their arousal for attraction rather than fear.

37
Q

Social Exchange Theory

A

People are motivated in their relationships to maximise benefits and minimise costs

38
Q

Investment Model (Rusbult, 1983)

A

What people put into a relationship that they can’t recover if the relationship ends - this is why people stay in relationships they aren’t satisfied in

39
Q

Comparison Level

A

People are more satisfied when the reward/cost ratio

40
Q

Comparison Level for Alternatives (CLalt)

A

Expectations about the level of rewards and punishments they would receive in an alternative relationship.

41
Q

Equity Theory

A

People feel happiest when the balance of rewards and costs are the same for each person in the relationship

42
Q

Comparison Level (CL)

A

Average expectation about the level of rewards and punishments they are likely to receive in a particular relationship

42
Q

Comparison Level for Alternatives (CLalt)

A

Expectations about the level of rewards and punishments they would receive in an alternative relationship.

PYB202 (12 decks)

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