week 10: CNS, Senses

Question 1

where do afferent and efferent neurons transfer information

Answer 1

afferent neurons transmit information towards the CNS

efferent neuron transmit information away from the CNS

Question 2

what are the function of the forebrain?

Answer 2

processing of olfactory information, regulation of sleep, learning, complex processing.

Question 3

what is the function of the midbrain

Answer 3

coordinates routing of sensory input

Question 4

what is the function of the hindbrain

Answer 4

controls involuntary activities and coordinates motor activities

Question 5

what two regions are part of the fore brain?

Answer 5

• telencephalon (cerebrum)
• diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)

Question 6

what region is part of the mid brain?

Answer 6

mesencephalon (part of the brainstem)

Question 7

what two regions are part oh the hindbrain

Answer 7

• metencephalon (pons (part of the brainstem), cerebellum)
• medulla oblongata (part of the brainstem)

Question 8

the core of the brainstem has a diffuse network of neurons called the ____________

Answer 8

reticular formation

Question 9

what is the reticular formation

Answer 9

network of neurons in the brainstem

Question 10

which part of the brain regulates sleep?

fore, mid, or hindbrain?

Answer 10

the forebrain regulates sleep

Question 11

what is the limbic system

Answer 11

the part of the brain the controls behavioral and emotional response

Question 12

what five structures are part of the limbic system?

Answer 12

thalamus
hypothalamus
olfactory bulb
amygdala
hippocampus

Question 13

what controls voluntary movement and cognitive functions?

Answer 13

the cerebral cortex

Question 14

what does the cerebral cortex control

Answer 14

voluntary movement and cognitive functions.

Question 15

what part of the brain is the largest and is responsible for language, cognition, memory consciousness, and awareness of surroundings

Answer 15

the cerebrum

Question 16

what are the names of the four lobes that the cerebrum is split into?

Answer 16

frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes.

Question 17

what do somatosensory receptors provide information about?

Answer 17

touch, pain, pressure, temperature and position of muscles and limbs.

Question 18

what two areas of the brain control language and speech

Answer 18

Broca’s area (forming speech)

Wernicke’s area (comprehending language)

Question 19

what are all these example of;

• Schizophrenia
• Drug addiction
• Parkinson’s disease
• Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 19

nervous system disorders

Question 20

what are some symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 20

hallucinations, delusions

Question 21

which drugs enhance the activity of the dopamine reward pathway

Answer 21

cocaine, amphetamine, heroin, alcohol and tobacco

Question 22

what is the definition of a sense?

Answer 22

any system that consists of a group of sensory cell types that respond to a specific physical phenomenon and that corresponds to a particular group of regions within the brain where the signals are received and interpreted

Question 23

what are the 5 types of sensory receptors?

Answer 23

• Mechanoreceptors
• Chemoreceptors
• Electromagnetic receptors
• Thermoreceptors
• Pain receptors

Question 24

what doe mechanoreceptors sense

Answer 24

sense physical deformation

(pressure, stretch motion, sound)

Question 25

what do chemoreceptors detect?

Answer 25

changes in the chemical composition of the blood

Question 26

what do electromagnetic receptors detect

Answer 26

electromagnetic energy such as light, electricity, magnetism

Question 27

what do thermoreceptors detect

Answer 27

temperature

help regulate body temperature

Question 28

what do pair receptors detect

Answer 28

pain, they respond to excess heat, pressure, or chemicals released from damaged or inflamed tissues

Question 29

what is the tympanic membrane involved in

Answer 29

hearing

Question 30

How do animals discriminate between different odours?

Answer 30

there a chemoreceptors for different odours

discrimination of odours occurs in the olfactory bulb in the brain

Question 31

What is the process by which sensory transduction of light is accomplished in the vertebrate retina?

Answer 31

Sensory transduction of light in the vertebrate retina is accomplished through the activation of photoreceptor cells, specifically rod and cone cells, which convert the light into neural signals that are transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve.

Question 32

What structures would neurobiologists look for if they are interested in determining if an animal can see in colour?

Answer 32

cones are responsible for detailed and colour vision

photopsins