Week 10 Learning Outcomes Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are the types of data distributions recognized in statistics?
Normal and skewed distributions
Normal distribution is symmetric, while skewed distribution is asymmetrical.
What is the difference between sample statistics and population statistics?
Sample statistics are derived from a subset of the population, while population statistics represent the entire group.
Sample statistics are used to estimate population parameters.
What are descriptive statistics?
Descriptive statistics summarize and describe the characteristics of a dataset.
Examples include measures of central tendency and variability.
What are inferential statistics?
Inferential statistics allow conclusions to be drawn about a population based on sample data.
This includes hypothesis testing and confidence intervals.
Define ratio in statistics.
A ratio is a quantitative relationship between two numbers indicating how many times the first number contains the second.
Ratios can be expressed as a fraction or percentage.
What is a proportion?
A proportion is a type of ratio that expresses a part relative to a whole.
It is often represented as a fraction.
Define percentage.
A percentage is a proportion expressed as a fraction of 100.
It is used to compare relative sizes.
What is a rate in statistics?
A rate is a specific kind of ratio that compares two different units, often used to measure frequency.
For example, birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people.
Define mean.
The mean is the average of a set of numbers, calculated by dividing the sum of all values by the number of values.
It is a measure of central tendency.
What is the median?
The median is the middle value of a dataset when it is ordered from least to greatest.
If there is an even number of observations, the median is the average of the two middle numbers.
Define mode in statistics.
The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset.
A dataset may have no mode, one mode, or multiple modes.
What is standard deviation?
Standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.
A low standard deviation indicates that values tend to be close to the mean.
Define range.
Range is the difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset.
It provides a measure of dispersion.
What does CI stand for in statistics?
CI stands for confidence interval.
It is a range of values that is likely to contain the true population parameter.
How can you identify normally distributed data?
Normally distributed data is identified by its bell-shaped curve and symmetry about the mean.
It follows the empirical rule for standard deviations.
What characterizes non-normally distributed data?
Non-normally distributed data may exhibit skewness or kurtosis, lacking symmetry.
It can be identified through graphical methods like histograms.
