Week 10 - Nutrition for Pregnancy Flashcards
What physiological changes occur during pregnancy?
- CV system is remodeled by ovarian/placental hormones for increasing blood volume
- resting cardiac output increases
- thoracic cage and diaphragm are moved up
- heat tolerance is lowered
- increased gluconeogenesis
- insulin resistance and lipolysis increases
What are the benefits of exercise during pregnancy?
- increased cardiopulmonary reserve
- glucose regulation
- improved mental health
- regulation of weight gain
- beneficial fetal and placental adaptations
what are the CSEP guidelines for pregnancy?
- all women without contraindications should be active throughout pregnancy
- pregnant women should get at least 150 mins of moderate physical activity each week for health benefits and reduction of complications
- physical activity should be spread over 3 days per week minimum, but activity everyday is encouraged
- pregnant women should incorporate resistance and aerobic training to see greater benefits
what are the risks of excessive weight gain in pregnancy?
- gestational hypertension
- gestational diabetes
- csection
- birth defects
- childhood obesity
what are the energy needs in the first trimester?
no additional calories required except for those necessary to meet demands of physical activity, or to support weight gain if BMI is below 18.5
what are the energy needs in the second trimester?
+350kcals/d
what are the energy needs in the third trimester?
+450kcals/d
how much does metabolic rate increase in the second and third trimester?
15%
what are the macronutrient requirements for pregnancy?
carbs: 50-65%
protein: +25g/day in second half of pregnancy\
fat: 20-35%
carbs and protein may be higher for active females
what is the recommended amount of folate supplementation in pregnancy?
600mcg/day
what are the effects of folate deficiency in pregnancy?
fetus: birth defects in brain and spinal cord
mother: megaloblastic anemia
how does vitamin A intake change during pregnancy?
should increase from 700mcg to 770mcg
why is more vitamin A needed in pregnancy?
needed for cell differentiation and immune function
what are the dangers of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy?
low birth weight, rickets, asthma, T1D
how is the RDA for iron adjusted during pregnancy?
increased to 27mg
