week 10- problems of group living: aggression Flashcards
(19 cards)
What pattern would we expect if culture taught boys to
be aggressive?
no difference between boys and girls at the youngest ages, but over time, boys’ aggression would rise, girls would stay the same (see image 2 on docs)
What pattern would we expect if culture taught girls
NOT to be aggressive?
no difference in boys and girls at youngest age, over time, girls aggression decreases while boys stays the same (see image 3)
What pattern would we expect if culture taught boys to
be aggressive and taught girls NOT to be aggressive?
no difference in boys and girls at youngest age, over time, girls aggression would decrease, boys aggression would increase (see image 4)
what is 1 piece of evidence as to why aggression is not primarily learned?
- the gender difference in aggression was most noticeable at the youngest age
what is the true pattern of aggression for both males and females over childhood
Average levels of physical aggression actually decline for both boys and girls during childhood (see image 5)
Among these (relatively rare)
children who do not reduce their
aggression during childhood, boys
outnumber girls by _ to _
2 to 1
kids mostly learn ____ aggressive than _____ aggressive
NOT to be
to be
are boys more aggressive? name 2 reasons why or why not
YES
1. people rate boys as more physically aggressive during childhood
2. boys are observed to be more physically aggressive
across genders, during adolescence, aggression levels _____
rise
during adolescence, are girls or boys more physically aggressive?
boys
at what age of development does the marked difference between male and female involvement in acts of serious violence (assault and homicide) begin to emerge?
adolescence
what is young male syndrome?
the propensity of males in their mid- to late teens and twenties, and particularly those who are
unmarried and unemployed, to engage in violent altercations to resolve seemingly trivial matters, to “save face,” to harm a rival, or otherwise to enhance their social status. Young men in this age group are also more likely to participate in high-risk behaviors,
such as driving at high speeds or taking illicit drugs
what might be the reason as to why physical aggression rises more in males during adolescence
young male syndrome
men’s reproductive variance is _______ than women’s
greater
reproductive variance= the difference in reproductive success among individuals within a species or sex
There is greater variance in the number of children between _____ (some ____ have no children, others have lots) than between _____
men, men, women
what might be a reason as to why men are in general more aggressive than women? (evolutionarily)
since men have greater reproductive variance, where there is greater reproductive variance, selection favours taking risks to obtain things to help reproductive success, physical aggression is one of those risk taking behaviours
what 2 possible aggressive behaviours help men from an evolutionary standpoint?
- An increased chance of physical violence against rivals, who
directly block their access to members of the other sex
(intra-sexual competition) or to gain status - An increased chance of attempting to acquire resources by
violently taking them from members of their own sex, as in
inter-group warfare
what are 3 pieces of evidence as to why men may have adapted for physically aggressive intra sexual competition?
- body differences between men and women (men have 75% more muscle mass than women and 90% greater upper body strength)
- male physical aggression increases during adolescence, which is the same time that intra sexual selection occurs
- men are more likely to physically defeat other males for sexual reasons
a study by Mesquida and Wiener (1996) showed that the proportion of young males in a society is associated with the occurrence and severity of ______
coalitional aggression (including war)
