Week 10 Quiz Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is S cerevisiae?
Bakers yeast
Does cellular respiration take place in the presence of oxygen or the absence of oxygen?
Presence of oxygen
Does alcohol fermentation take place in the presence of oxygen or the absence of oxygen?
Absence of oxygen
In cellular respiration, what is converted to CO2 by redox reactions?
The organic carbon in glucose (C6H12O6)
In cellular respiration, how is ATP formed?
Energy stored in glucose is released and used by the mitochondrial electron transport chain
In glycolysis, a series of chemical reactions break ______ into _______ and occurs in the _______.
glucose (6-carbon sugar); pyruvate (3-carbon sugar); cytoplasm
In oxygen, pyruvate enters the mitochondria. What does get processed into?
acetyl-CoA (2-carbon molecule)
What does acetyl-CoA become?
Substrate for the first reaction of the Krebs Cycle
What is the Krebs Cycle?
A series of redox reactions that produce CO2 while reducing NAD+ and FAD to NADH and FADH2
What are NADH and FADH2?
Electron carriers that transfer high energy electrons to the enzymes of the electron transport chain
What provides the energy required for ATP synthesis?
The proton gradient formed by NADH and FADH2
What enzyme helps with ATP synthesis?
ATP synthase
What happens in the final reaction of the electron transport chain?
The transfer of electrons to O2
In the final reaction of the electron transport chain, in the presence of O2, what happens? What happens in the absence of O2?
Presence of O2: can generate lots of ATP
Absence of O2: Electron transport chain cannot occur, no ATP production
In the absence of O2, how do some organisms produce ATP?
Fermentation reactions
What is the substrate for fermentation?
Pyruvate
What type of fermentation do yeast cells conduct?
Ethyl alcohol fermentation
How does ethyl alcohol fermentation work?
Pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde and the 3rd carbon from pyruvate is released in the form of CO2
Acetaldehyde is reduced to what in fermentation?
Ethanol
NADH is oxidized to what in fermentation?
NAD+
By going through alcohol fermentation, yeast cells are able to regenerate what to allow them to continue producing small amounts of ATP through glycolysis?
NAD+
Yeast produce two things in beer. What are they?
Alcohol and CO2
When bread rises prior to baking, what is produced?
Ethanol and CO2
