week 11 Flashcards
what kind of ions do NMDA receptors allow to pass thru?
Ca2+
ribolt’s law
the temporal gradient commonly observed in retrograde amnesia (recent memories forgotten first, older memories preserved).
wernicke described an acute clinical syndrome involving gait ataxia, opthalmoparesis, and confusion that sometimes evolved into chronic amnesia. which part of the brain did this involve (2)?
[area around 3rd ventricle]
- mammillary bodies
- dorsal medial nucleus of thalamus
what is pick’s disease and what did this lead him to conclude (2)?
- loss of gyrification in frontal lobe.
- drew connection that memory “material” might be here.
who reported temporal lobe softening in an amnesic?
bekhterev
what did scoville do to HM (2)?
- bilateral resection of the rostral MTL (medial temporal lobe).
- drilled above eyebrows, whisked around areas to damage tissue.
what are the structures of the MTL (5)?
- dentate gyrus
- parahippocampal gyrus
- fusiform gyrus
- hippocampal sulcus
- entorhinal area
what tasks did HM do to prove his STM was intact (2)?
- digit span task
- block tapping memory span test
what evidence was there for HM’s LTM in tasks (4)?
performance improved over days in…
- mirror tracing task
- recall corresponding celeb last names
- mirror reverse texts
- fragmented images
diff b/w declarative and nondeclarative/procedural LTM in regards to hippocampus?
- declarative: telling others what you know
- nondeclarative: show you know by doing
- declarative dependent on hippocampus
identified the role of the hippocampus in the ___, but NOT ___, of declarative memories.
consolidation, storage
how did they test declarative memory in animals?
- “delayed non-matching-to-sample task”
- pick up object, i.e., key – reward under.
- delay…
- test: pick novel object.
- make declaration of thought process by selecting novel, non-matching object.
describe memory performance after medial temporal lobe lesions
- control group: score of ~75%
- lesion of H group: still scoring high!
- lesion extended to entorhinal + paraH cortices: score drops significantly.
- lesion extended to anterior entorhinal + perirhinal cortices: score worst.
2 pieces of evidence that H is not only part of brain involved in memory
- patient NA shoved toy soldier up his nose, punctured thru his dorsal medial nucleus of thalamus + mammillary bodies. had intact H still yet had memory issues… cannot form long-term declarative memories.
- korsakoff’s syndrome is a memory deficiency caused by lack of thiamine—seen in chronic alcoholism. damage also occurring in dorsal medial nucleus of thalamus + mammillary bodies.
declarative LTM flow (5)
- sensory processing in cortex
- paraH, entorhinal, perirhinal cortex
- H
- DMNOT + mammillary bodies
- declarative memory storage in cortex
