Week 11- Diabetes Flashcards
(46 cards)
What ethnic groups are at higher risk for diabetes?
South Asian, African , Hispanic, Aboriginal
How much will diabetes reduce your life expectancy?
5-10 years
What are some risk factors for type 2 diabetes?
- Meds (prednisone)
- Race (South Asian, African, Hispanic, Aboriginal)
- Hypertension
- Stress
- Age 65+
- Inactivity
- High cholesterol
- obesity
- Family hx (1st degree relative)
What is more prevalent type 1 or 2 diabetes?
Type 2 (90%)
What is the etiology of type 1?
- 5-8% of diabetes
- occurs before 20or 30
- environmental factors- autoimmune triggers destruction of beta cells
- genetic factors
- hyperglycemia
- M>F
- 80-90% of beta cells destroyed by the time it is detected
What is the etiology of type 2?
- 90%
- Insulin resistance
- Compensatory hyperinsulinemia
- increased glucose production in the liver
What are goals for treatment of pt’s with diabetes?
Through client/family education for effective self-management:
- Decrease symptoms
- prevent acute complications
- Maintain normal blood glucose levels
- Prevent or delay chronic complications
- enable client and career to reach an optimal level of independence
What are the diagnostic test for diabetes?
FBG= 7.0 mmol/L
A1C greater than or qual to 6.5%
What is the IGT for pre diabetic?
6.1-6.9 impaired glucose tolerance
When should pregnant women be screened for gestational diabetes?
24-28 wks
Who gets screened for type 2?
- age 40+ (every 3 yrs)
- Those with risk factors
- Hx of IGT, GDM, or infant >4kg
- CAD, HTN, or other diabetes related complications
- 1st degree relative with diabetes, member of high risk pop, obesity, low HDLs
What are HDLs?
high density lipoproteins “good cholesterol”
Who gets monitored?
those at high risk or who have IGT
- treat with weight control and exercise and oral hypoglycemics
How often is A1C checked?
every 3 months
- should be 6.5% or under
What should your A1C be
- should be 6.5% or under
What is SMBG?
self monitoring blood glucose
What is monitored?
- glucose tolerance
- risk factors
- Tight BG control (should be 6.5% or under)
- Frequent SMBG (best AC
What type of medication management is used for type 1 diabetes?
insulin only- multiple (3-4) daily injections or continuous SQ infusion
What type of medication management is used for type 2 diabetes?
- Lifestyle changes
- First line Metformin
- Combination therapy (oral agent, bedtime insulin, insulin injections (1-4x daily)
What does the education plan include?
- Basic def and patho
- Target glucose levels
- How does insulin/oral meds and exercise affect each other?
- Effect of food and exercise
- How to give meds, manage diet
- How to monitor blood glucose
- Sick day management
- Prevention and management of complications
- Foot and eye care
What are the benefits of physical activity?
- lower blood glucose
- helps wt loss
- increases insulin sensitivity
- Increased HDL
- Lowers triglycerides
What are the key recommendations regarding physical activity for diabetes?
- Aerobic activity (bicycling, swimming, skiing, dancing, walking, jogging, ensure proper foot wear)
- min. 3x/wk for 150 mins total (resistance training 2-3 times a week as well)
- check glucose pre exercise; if
What is involved with planning an exercise program for someone with diabetes?
- PRESCREENING: HbA1c, stress test, FBG (fasting blood glucose), foot evaluation.
- PREVENT COMPLICATIONS FROM EXERCISE: check risk of cardiac problems, joint problems, age; ensure hydration; diabetes ID bracelets; CHO if b.s. 13 hold off
What happens to glucose when you exercise?
Generally goes down, but if vigorous exercise then it can increase glucose by releasing stored glycogen
