week 11 - individual difference: anxiety Flashcards
What is the difference between emotion and mood?
Emotion is a reactive feeling to either an internal or external event, more intense and generally short. Mood is a state where feelings are less intense, may not have a contextual trigger and has a longer lasting effect on the individual.
What is anxiety?
normal, and adaptive response to a fearful or dangerous situation.
What is an anxiety disorder?
intense, longer lasting anxiety/fear that interferes with everyday functioning and exists in the abscense of a threat.
What are the traits or normal anxiety vs anxiety disorder?
normal anxiety results in motivation, cope with stress, protection for survival, normal worry, some intrusive thoughts and images that are easily dismissed.
anxiety disorder results in procrastination, problems in functioning, panic attacks, excessive worry, intrusive thought and images that cause great distress.
What are some of the major forms of anxiety?
Specific phobia, social phobia, panic disorder, and generalised anxiety disorder.
What is the diathesis-stress model?
Explains the creation of a disorder, when you have diathesis (biological, social, and psychological factors) and stress is added (biological, social, and psychological triggers) the result is a disorder.
What is the hot cross bun model?
back and forth relationship between behaviour, physical sensation, emotion and thoughts.
What are some common treatment principles for anxiety disorder?
behavioural - desensitisation: exposure to feared stimulus without avoidance facilitates habituation and new learning.
cognitive - reattribution: establishing core cognitions and cognitive processes and evaluating their accuracy and usefulness.
What are panic attacks?
Sudden, rapid increase in anxiety, accompanied by at least 4 of the 13 somatic or cognitive symptoms that escalate within 10 minutes.
What are the DSm-5 criteria for panic disorder?
recurrent, unexpected panic attacks, followed by either relentless fear of facing another attack, changes in behaviour in attempt to avoid further attacks, or combination of both for a month or longer. (not otherwise explained by drug, alcohol, or other organic condition).
What is the cognitive model of panic (Clark, 1986)?
Trigger stimulus (internal or external) leads to perceived threat, which leads to anxiety, which leads to body sensations, which leads to interpretation of sensations as catastrophic, which leads back to perceived threat and the cycle continues.
With the example of Mary’s situation, what should treatment phase 1 look like?
shared formulation and psychoeducation. detailed assessment, followed by formulation (applying cognitive models to her experiences and asking questions about the fit), education on nature of anxiety, early experiments (such as thinking on anxiety), breathing training.
With the example of Mary’s situation, what should treatment phase 2 look like?
Reattribution and behavioural experiments. Move through hierarchy of feared events - walking slowly, climbing stairs, moving all the way to running at top of stairs.
What is one of the issues with effectiveness of CBT for anxiety?
samples and procedures of control trials seldom resemble real life clients for a number of reasons.
What are some current developments to anxiety treatment?
acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness-based approaches. Still under CBT umbrella, based more on recovery as opposed to disease, alters the way people relate to their thoughts, rather than the thoughts themselves, enhanced engagement in meaningful life areas.
