Week 12

Question 1

Nativist

Answer 1

nothing is learned be simply recall and remember

Question 2

Empiricist

Answer 2

of course we learn, our mind is a blank slate until expereinces wrotes on it

Question 3

2-6m

Answer 3

cooing (vowel sounds)

Question 4

6-12m

Answer 4

babbling
-consonant vowel sounds
-meaningless
-same across culture

Question 5

12 m

Answer 5

first word

Question 6

18-24m

Answer 6

telegraphic speech
= increased content words
= nouns, verbs, adjectives
-not function words like the, of

Question 7

Speech development bilingualism

Answer 7

roughly the same
-early language mixing, slight delays
-no long term negative effects
-possible cognitive benefits

Question 8

How do animals communicate?

Answer 8

-mating rituals
-agonisitic interaction
-alarm calls
-food related signals

Question 9

What part of language are animals missing that humans have?

Answer 9

infinite productivity system where words and meanings are culturally transmitted and words create a unit of meaning

Question 10

Phonemes

Answer 10

speech sound; the most basic unit of language

Question 11

Morphemes

Answer 11

smallest language unit that contains meaning
-ex: un

Question 12

Semantics

Answer 12

meaning
- the way you use words and word combinations to express ideas

Question 13

syntax

Answer 13

word organization
- verb followed by a noun

Question 14

pragmatics

Answer 14

using language according to sociocultural rules
-ex you adjust your speech based on whether you are asking for a favor or giving a command

Question 15

How do infants learn language (non ostensive)

Answer 15

-cross situational learning
-syntactic bootstrapping
-pragmatic inference

Question 16

Strong whorf hypothesis

Answer 16

language as a straitjacket. people can only conceive the world through the conventions of their language

Question 17

Weak whorf hypothesis

Answer 17

languages carve up the world differently; people’s concepts reflect lingustic conventions, and so the way people carve up the world correlates with lingusitc tendencies

Question 18

What predicts langauage ability?

Answer 18

-genes
-cognitive factors (information processing skills)
-physical factors (hearing ability)
- social cognition (joint attention, theory of mind, parents who use unusual words)
-social interaction (secure attachment, parents who use induction, emotion regulation)
– verbal interaction
–joint book reading

Question 19

code switching

Answer 19

refers to using different language varieties for different situations

Question 20

What can you do to help students develop language ability

Answer 20

-be responsive
-encourgae use of standard english
-read to students; encourage them to read to themselves
=explicity teach vocab
- help students use new words in multiple ways
-use academic langauge

Question 21

Bilingual education guidelines

Answer 21

-devote time to teaching english
-integrate oral and written english language into content
-teach standard english and grammar syntax explicitly
-teach language skills as early as possible

Question 22

Early childhood age concepts in self

Answer 22

-overly optimistic about abilities, inflated self assessment, not yet capable of social comparison
- don’t understand relation between effort and skill

Question 23

concept of self middle childhood

Answer 23

children become more realistic about self concepts
-growing social comparison ability
- perception of competence begins to decline in middle childhood

Question 24

concept of self adolescence

Answer 24

-downward trend continues
-more accurate assessment of competence
-more critical of self
-still have positive self bias

Question 25

Big fish little pond

Answer 25

learners with the same ability will have a higher self concept in low achieving schools than high achieving schools

Question 26

Non verbal language

Answer 26

communication that does not include words such as posture, gesture and facial expression

Question 27

Verbal language

Answer 27

involved words and speech and is divided into receptive and expressive

Question 28

Receptive

Answer 28

understanding others speech

Question 29

Expressive

Answer 29

refers to making ones thoughts known to others

Question 30

True or false; expressive lags behind receptive language in development

Answer 30

true