Week 12 Flashcards
Nativist
nothing is learned be simply recall and remember
Empiricist
of course we learn, our mind is a blank slate until expereinces wrotes on it
2-6m
cooing (vowel sounds)
6-12m
babbling
-consonant vowel sounds
-meaningless
-same across culture
12 m
first word
18-24m
telegraphic speech
= increased content words
= nouns, verbs, adjectives
-not function words like the, of
Speech development bilingualism
roughly the same
-early language mixing, slight delays
-no long term negative effects
-possible cognitive benefits
How do animals communicate?
-mating rituals
-agonisitic interaction
-alarm calls
-food related signals
What part of language are animals missing that humans have?
infinite productivity system where words and meanings are culturally transmitted and words create a unit of meaning
Phonemes
speech sound; the most basic unit of language
Morphemes
smallest language unit that contains meaning
-ex: un
Semantics
meaning
- the way you use words and word combinations to express ideas
syntax
word organization
- verb followed by a noun
pragmatics
using language according to sociocultural rules
-ex you adjust your speech based on whether you are asking for a favor or giving a command
How do infants learn language (non ostensive)
-cross situational learning
-syntactic bootstrapping
-pragmatic inference
Strong whorf hypothesis
language as a straitjacket. people can only conceive the world through the conventions of their language
Weak whorf hypothesis
languages carve up the world differently; people’s concepts reflect lingustic conventions, and so the way people carve up the world correlates with lingusitc tendencies
What predicts langauage ability?
-genes
-cognitive factors (information processing skills)
-physical factors (hearing ability)
- social cognition (joint attention, theory of mind, parents who use unusual words)
-social interaction (secure attachment, parents who use induction, emotion regulation)
– verbal interaction
–joint book reading
code switching
refers to using different language varieties for different situations
What can you do to help students develop language ability
-be responsive
-encourgae use of standard english
-read to students; encourage them to read to themselves
=explicity teach vocab
- help students use new words in multiple ways
-use academic langauge
Bilingual education guidelines
-devote time to teaching english
-integrate oral and written english language into content
-teach standard english and grammar syntax explicitly
-teach language skills as early as possible
Early childhood age concepts in self
-overly optimistic about abilities, inflated self assessment, not yet capable of social comparison
- don’t understand relation between effort and skill
concept of self middle childhood
children become more realistic about self concepts
-growing social comparison ability
- perception of competence begins to decline in middle childhood
concept of self adolescence
-downward trend continues
-more accurate assessment of competence
-more critical of self
-still have positive self bias
