week 12 - language, language use, and development Flashcards
audience design
Audience design - Constructing utterances to suit the audience’s knowledge.
common ground
Common ground - Information that is shared by people who engage in a conversation.
ingroup
Ingroup - Group to which a person belongs.
lexicon
Lexicon - Words and expressions.
linguistic in-group bias
Linguistic intergroup bias - A tendency for people to characterize positive things about their ingroup using more abstract expressions, but negative things about their outgroups using more abstract expressions.
outgroup
Outgroup - Group to which a person does not belong.
priming
Priming - A stimulus presented to a person reminds him or her about other ideas associated with the stimulus.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis - The hypothesis that the language that people use determines their thoughts.
situation model
Situation model - A mental representation of an event, object, or situation constructed at the time of comprehending a linguistic description.
social brain hypothesis
Social brain hypothesis - The hypothesis that the human brain has evolved, so that humans can maintain larger ingroups.
social networks
Social networks - Networks of social relationships among individuals through which information can travel.
syntax
Syntax - Rules by which words are strung together to form sentences.
automatic empathy
Automatic empathy - A social perceiver unwittingly takes on the internal state of another person, usually because of mimicking the person’s expressive behavior and thereby feeling the expressed emotion.
false belief test
False-belief test - An experimental procedure that assesses whether a perceiver recognizes that another person has a false belief—a belief that contradicts reality.
folk explanations of behaviour
Folk explanations of behavior - People’s natural explanations for why somebody did something, felt something, etc. (differing substantially for unintentional and intentional behaviors).
intention
Intention - An agent’s mental state of committing to perform an action that the agent believes will bring about a desired outcome.
intentionality
Intentionality - The quality of an agent’s performing a behavior intentionally—that is, with skill and awareness and executing an intention (which is in turn based on a desire and relevant beliefs).
joint attention
Joint attention - Two people attending to the same object and being aware that they both are attending to it.
mimicry
Mimicry - Copying others’ behavior, usually without awareness.
mirror neurons
Mirror neurons - Neurons identified in monkey brains that fire both when the monkey performs a certain action and when it perceives another agent performing that action.
projection
Projection - A social perceiver’s assumption that the other person wants, knows, or feels the same as the perceiver wants, knows, or feels.
simulation
Simulation - The process of representing the other person’s mental state.
synchrony
Synchrony - Two people displaying the same behaviors or having the same internal states (typically because of mutual mimicry).
theory of mind
Theory of mind - The human capacity to understand minds, a capacity that is made up of a collection of concepts (e.g., agent, intentionality) and processes (e.g., goal detection, imitation, empathy, perspective taking).\
