Week 13 (Height of Empire, Trajan and Hadrian, Antonine Dynasty) Flashcards
Nerva (96-98 AD)
- Old senator picked emperor by the Senate, deemed weak by the ____
Trajan (98-117 AD)
- Successful general, second non-Italian emperor
- Family: Plotina (____), Matidia (_____)
- Campaigns in Dacia, Arabia, and Mesopotamia = _______ size of empire
- Building Projects: Forum of ______ (featured Basilica Ulpia, Latin and Greek libraries, Column of Trajan), ______ of Trajan (complex of 100 shops), _____ of Trajan, ______ _______ renovated (marble seating + added seating)
army
wife, niece
largest
Trajan, Markets, Baths, Circus Maximus
Hadrian (117-138 AD)
- Designated as heir to Trajan by empress Plotina
- Similar to Trajan in that they both came from _____; however, Hadrian never was a general
- Vibia Sabina as active empress
- Spent years traveling together to ensure border security (ex. Hardian’s ____ in Britain)
- Hadrian’s bureaucracy consisted of ___________ instead of senators (similar to Claudius)
- ________, Hadrian’s young Bithynian lover, declared a god and dedications given after death
Spain
Hadrian’s Wall
equestrians
Antinous
Hadrian Continued
- Architectural Projects: new ________ (originally built by Agrippa / unique for its ________ body fronted by rectangular porch), Mausoleum of Hadrian, Hadrian’s _____ at Tivoli, Maritime Theater, Canopus with Serapeum, temple of Olympian Zeus, Arch of Hadrian
- Favored ______ with building projects, part of an association of Greek cities (Panhellenion)
- Culutral-intellectual movement called the Second Sophistic
Pantheon, cylinder, Villa
Athens
Antonine Dynasty
- Antoninus Pius (138-161 AD): adopted son of Hadrian, finished Hadrian’s buildings projects
- Roman Law (2nd cent. AD): ________’s word becomes law with automatic approval with the Senate (called constitutions)
- Two types of constitutions: edicts (empire-wide decisions), and answers to particular problems
- Jurists (modern equivalent to _______) gain great control over interpreting and enforcing Roman laws
- Pan-Mediterranean Cultural Trends: Common “language” across the empire (ex. architecture, art), but still many differences at regional / provincial levels, Roman ___________ held by people of many cultural and ethnic backgrounds by late 2nd cent. AD
- 2nd Century AD referred to as the “______ Age” of Roman literature
Emperor’s
lawyers
citizenship
Silver
Antonine Dynasty Continued
- Economic Developments: Roman coinage, road network, and low ________/piracy favors expanded trade.
- Italy = large-scale ____ production, ___-slip ceramic vessel manufacturing, large agricultural estates with rise of ______ farmers
- Spain = large-scale _____ ___ production
- Middle East = glass production, Egypt = _____ production
banditry
wine, red-slip, tenant
olive oil
bread
Antonine Dynasty Continued
- Marcus Aurelius (161-180 AD) & Lucius Verus (161-169 AD): war against Parthians (161-166 AD), but Lucius dies from ______, war against Danube tribes (167- 175 AD), war against Germanic tribes (177-180 AD)
- Takeaway: Aurelius secured the empire’s _______
- Column of Marcus Aurelius depicts his wars against the _______ and Sarmatians
- Aurelius was a _____, wrote The Meditations
Commodus (180-192 AD)
- Son of Marcus Aurelius, became infamous bad emperor
- Severe toward ________, Herculean megalomaniac
- Exhausted imperial funds (chariot racing, gladiatorial games)
- Poisoned and strangled in conspiracy led by mistress Marcia, several elites
plague
borders
Germans
stoic
senators
