Week 13 Lecture (STIs and Contraception) Flashcards
1
Q
Can Herpes Be transmitted via toilet seats
A
No
2
Q
Define Prevalence
A
total number of cases of a diseas in a population; expressed as percent
3
Q
why is term STI used instead of STD
A
STI means infected, but STD means there are symptoms and the STI is changing body functions
4
Q
Define STI
A
infection of individual with sexually transmitted pathogen (bacteria, parasite, or virus)
5
Q
Do STI’s have to have symptoms
A
all STIs can be asymptomatic, but if they have symptoms = changing body functions = STD
6
Q
describe a bacterial STI and give examples
A
caused by bacteria, mostly cured with antibiotics, serious conditions arise if untreated ex chlamydia gonnorrhea syphilis
7
Q
describe viral STI and give examples
A
caused by virus, most cannot be cured but can be managed, ex HPv, herpes and Hepatitis B
8
Q
Describe Parasitic STI and give examples
A
caused by organisms that feed off body, easy to treat and cure ex: trichomoniasis and pubic lice
9
Q
Describe Pelvic Inflammatory Disease PID
A
painful, inflammation of uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, caused by one or more untreated STI
10
Q
Describe Urethritis
A
painful inflammation of urethra, caused by one or more untreated STI
11
Q
Describe Epydidymitis
A
painful swelling and inflamation of epydidymis, caused by one or more untreated STI
12
Q
Describe Chlamydia Trachomatis
A
Chlamydia: most common reportable STI in canada, mostly asymptomatic (75% of females and 50% o males),
13
Q
Chlamydia Symptoms for males
A
burning while peeing, irritation/inflammation of urethra opening, white, thick cloudy discharge from penis or anus
14
Q
Chlamydia symptoms in women
A
thick white cloudy discharge from vagina or anus, pelvic pain, irritation, increased menstrual pain
15
Q
how is chlamydia transmitted
A
most common through penile vaginal sex, can be in oral sex, childbirth or spread to ones eye
16
Q
potential health outcomes of chlamydia if left untreated
A
usually symptoms goes away in a month, but still infectious, could lead to reduced fertility, PID and fallopian tube scarring in women or urethritis and epydidimytis in men
17
Q
How does fallopian tube scarring affect women
A
reduce fertility by causing possibility of blockage of path for sperm or egg, also possibility of ectopic pregnancy
18
Q
How do they diagnose chlamydia
A
swab cervix, vagina or anus, or urine test
19
Q
whats treatment for chlamydia
A
oral antibiotics
20
Q
why is chlamydia underdiagnosed
A
asymptomatic most of the tim
21
Q
Some things that make you more susceptible to chlamydia
A
new partner or more than 2 in past year, previous STI, sexually active under age of 25, or vulnerable populations
22
Q
what are some STI vulnurable populations
A
inject drugs, incarcerated individuals, street youth
23
Q
Describe Neisseria Gonorrhea
A
Gonnorhea, also clap, drip, burn
second most common among reportable STI
24
Q
main sites of infection for gonnorhea
A
vagina, cervix, urethra, anus rectum throat eyes
25
Gonnorhea symptoms
frequently asymptomatic, cloudy yellowish greenish discharge from vagina urethra or anus, throat pain, burning while pee
26
health outcomes from gonnorhea
male: epydidymitis, scarring of urethra
Female: pain during sex, vagina bleeding, complications during pregnancy
27
What is Disseminated Gonococcal Infection (DGI)
complication from gonnorhea, with skin rashes and joint pain possibility for arthritis or meningitis, minimal genital symptoms
28
How is gonnorhea transmitted
penile vaginal, anal, oral, pregnancy, spread to eyes
29
Can gonnorhea lead to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
yes, can also lead to scarring of fallopian tubes
30
can gonnorhea cause epydidymitis and urethritis
yes
31
how to diagnose gonnorhea
swab, urine or blood test,
32
how to treat gonnorhea
antibiotics
33
whats an increasing concern with gonnorhea
drug resistant strains
34
some factors that increase gonnorhea risk
previous STI, sexually active under 25, new sex partner or multiple, vulnerable groups, unprotected sex gay ppl
35
Describe Syphilis
one of earliest recorded STI, before pennicilin discovered in 1940, 50000 ppl would be infected per year, there is 4 stages of infection
36
Primary Syphilis (first stage)
swelling lymph nodes nearsite of contact, ulcers, not painful so could go unnoticed if inside vagina, if untreated will go to secondary syphilis
37
Secondary syphilis (stage 2)
rash on palms, feet, trunk, patches of erosion or white skin in mouth, fever, weight loss, hair loss
38
Latent Stage Syphilis (stage 3)
no symptoms can last for decades
39
Tertiary stage Siphylis (stage 4)
systemic effects like brain dammage to death
40
how is syphilis transmitted
sex, anal, oral, injecting, pregnancy
41
factors making you more susceptible to syphilis
gay, vulnurable groups, multi sex partners, previous STI
42
how diagnose and treat syphilis
diagnose through visual inspection of primary and secondary syphilis, blood test, treat using antibiotic: pennicilin
43
Describe the Tuskgee Syphilis Study
1932 in Tuskgee alabama, recruited 600 black men, 400 with syphilis, and study lasted 40 years (was supposed to just be 6 months), penicillin invented in 1943 but study went on and made them not use syphilis and 100 participants died due to it
44
Which of the following is not a viral STI?
A) HIV
B) Herpes
C) HPV
D) None of the above
D, all are viruses
45
Herpes description
Herpes Simplex Virus
HSV Type 1: orolabial and anogenital
HSV Type 2: anogenital
no cure for herpes
46
herpes symptoms
blisters, they can open crust over and dissapeear
47
herpes transmission
genitals, anal, mouth, childbirth, can be given from asymptomatic people, and most people are infected but asymptomatic
48
whats asymptomatic viral shedding
transmitted virus from asymptomatic individuals
49
whats reportable disease
disease gets reported to public health, and track down past partners to let them know anonymously
50
Herpes potential health outcomes
blisters infected, urinary tract probles, but blister outbreaks decrease over time
51
Herpese diagnosis
visual, swab, for lesions blood test for antibodies
52
Herpes treatment
Antiherpetics, Antivirals, supressive therapy recommended for people who have 6 or more outbreaks a year
53
how many outbreaks is enough to undergo suppressive therapy for herpes
6 or more a year
54
do condoms good for herpes prevention
condoms dont fully protect
55
is herpes reportable
no, very prevalent but we dont know exact prevalence in canada
56
Describe Human Papillomavirus
HPV, more than 40 types of it, possibly most prevalent STI in Canada, there is low risk and high risk types but its non reportable
57
HPV symptoms
mostly asymptomatic, warts in gentials or non genital parts,
58
HPV may result in abnormal BLANK exam
Pap exam
59
Describe Low risk type HPV
type 6 and 11, genital warts
60
Describe high risk type HPV
type 16 and 18, cervical cancers, 13 high risk strains
61
HPV transmission
skin skin, genital, oral, anal, digital genital, reingection,
62
what percent canadian will be infected with HPV at some point
75%
63
What happens to most HPV cases within 1-2 years
most cases clear 1-2 years cuz of immune system
64
How diagnose HPV
visual exam if warts, HPV assessed via Pap Smear for precancerous changes to Cervix, HPV DNA test
65
how to treat HPV genital warts
remove via cryosurgery, laser or topic medication
66
treating precancerous part of Cervix from HPV
cryosurgery
67
How to treat HPV related Cancers
chemo, surgery, radiation
68
What STIs are screened via Pap test/smear?
A) HPV
B) HPV, chlamydia
C) HPV, chlamydia, and gonorrhea
D) None
None, Pap smear done in cervix to test for precancerous or cancerous cervix
69
What are the Cervical Cancer Screening guidlines
get pap test every 3 years aged 25-69, even if vaccinated
70
2 vaccines for preventing HPV
Gardasil 9 and Cervarix
71
what types HPV does Gardasil 9 protect from
16, 18 = high risk ones and 6 and 11 = low risk ones for a total of 9 types
72
what type HPV does Cervarix protect from
only 2 types, the high risk 16 and 18
73
Describe Human Immunodefeciency Virus
HIV, depletes CD4 T cells, damagin immune system, leading to opportunistic infection and death without treatment
74
HIV symptoms
can be asymptomatic for years, flu like symptoms, fatigue weight loss, yeast infections
75
HIV transmission
Sexual contact, Blood exposure, Perinatal (parents)
76
what makes you more susceptible to HIV
unprotected sex, lack of knowledge, services, inject drugs vulnerable groups
77
Risk of HIV is high or low from vaginal intercourse
low, generally low for everything
78
HIV potential health outcomes
without treatment, aids and death, long asymptomatic period can mean ppl don't know and infect others
79
HIV outcomes with sustained antiretroviral therapy
virus become sundetectable in blood and fluids, immune damage stopped and transmission is unlikely, near normal life span
80
whats the natural progression of HIV
infected, CD4 T cells go down drastically, then gets buffered, but then CD4 T cells go down slowly and get so low that constitutional symptoms happen, opportunistic diseases then death
81
what are opportunistic disease in context of HIV
diseases that wouldnt kill you or get you sick with normal CD4 T cells, but because CD4 T cells so low, they could kill u
82
describe HIV Treatment, ARV
Anti Retroviral treatment, can make viral load so low, the person will be chilling, but if ARV stopped, HIV will come back so its not a cure
83
HIV Diagnosis and treatment
blood tests to find antibodies
84
how long can it take after infection to develop antibodies that are detectable by blood tests
3 months
85
HIV prevention
condoms, treat other STIs, if at high risk us PrEP, if exposed use PEP, fight HIV stigma
86
whats PrEP
pre exposure therapy to HIV, for high risk people to HIV to prevent it
87
whats PEP
ARV for people exposed to HIV
88
Whats AIDS
when your CD4-T cells are too low
89
How can hepatitis B virus be transmitted?
A) Blood contact
B) Sexual contact (bodily fluids)
C) Sharing sex toys
D) All of the above
All of the above
90
what are the 3 types of viral hepatitis
Hepatitis A (HAV)
Hepatits B (HBV)
Hepatitis C (HCV)
91
what people are at risk to Hepatits A
closed communities like prisons, contaminated food or water, prevalent among MSM - food and water
92
Who is at risk to Hepatitis B
people in countries where blood products are not screened - blood
93
who is at risk to Hepatits C
people who inejct drugs or blood products not screened
94
how to transmit HAV
fecal oral, anal oral, fecal food
95
transmit HBV
blood contact, sex contact, drug use
96
transmit HCV
blood contact, IV drug use
97
Symptoms of HAV HBV or HCV
jaundice (yellowing or skin/eyes) flu like symptoms
98
Treatment for HAV
vaccine
99
treatment for HBV
antiviral drugs
100
treatment for HCV
antiviral drugs
101
which of hepatitis' is uncurable
HBV
102
which of hepatitis is from poop, other ones are from blood
HAV
103
Trichomoniasis describe
trichomonas Vaginalis, most common parasitic sti, uncommon in canada, spreads from sex
104
Trichomoniasis symptoms in men and women
men usually asympomatic, if symptoms, irritation of urethra and slight discharge
women yellow or greenish vaginal discharge with bad odor, but could also be asymptomatic
105
potential health outcomes of trichomoniasis
infertility, PID, cervical cancer, inflammation uterus, endometritis, premature delivery
106
Diagnosis and treatment of Trichomoniasis
swab vagina or urethra to identify parasite, oral medication but its high risk for reinfection, all partners of infected person must be treated at same time
107
Pubic lice description
also called crabs, different than head lice, feeds off hosts blood and can survive only 1 day without host, can be transmitted from sex or bed sheets
108
pubic lice symptoms
itching, adult lice can be seen, eggs laid at base of pubic hairs
109
how big are adult pubic lice
sesame seed
110
diagnosing pubic lice and treatment
visual, prescription shampoo and wash all bedding and clothes in hot water
111
whats STI screening
testing for STI in absence of symptoms
112
whats STI testing
testing for STI with symptoms or reason to believe you may have been exposed
113
ways to prevent STI
get tested often
obtian accurate info
overcome unhealthy emotions about sex
communicate effectively
realize drugs and alcohol make bad decisions
reduce ur risk sensibly
114
what are all the reportable STI
gonorrhea
chlamydia
Syphilis
HIV
Hepatits A B C
115
In what year did Canada’s Criminal Code make the use and sale of contraceptives
illegal?
A) 1692
B) 1792
C) 1892
D) 1992
1892
116
what does contraception mean
against fertilization, but could also prevent STI
117
some ancient forms of birth control
silphium plant that went exitinct cuz so popular or ingesting poison
118
what year was the baby boom and why was birth control more acceptable then
1960, population control scare
119
what year did birth control be legalized
1969
120
define abstinence
avoiding all sexual activity, very good contraceptive but need a backup plan cuz overreliance leaves people unprepared if they change their mind
121
what are natural birth control methods
using fertility awareness to track menstrual cycle and only have sex at times to avoid prego
122
describe sympto-thermal aproach to contraceptive
Natural method, woman charts her body temp cuz its 0.2 degrees higher post ovulation and also the cervical position is farthest away from vag opening when ovulation approaching
123
is cervix near opening or far away near ovulation
far away
124
describe the rhythm method of contraception
natural contraception method: calendar based, take last 12 cycles, subtract 20 from shortest cycle and 10 from longest and between those 2 are the fertile days to abstain from sex
125
describe standard days method of natural contraception
is a more accurate variation of rhythm method; assume days 8 to 19 of cycle is unsafe to have sex
126
what are the cons of calendar based natural contraception methods
overly restrictive and fetile window can be unpredictable
127
describe lactational Amenorrhea
breast feeding as contraception - natural method
128
describe withdrawal
pull out game, but can still concept from precum
129
how do hormonal contraception work
inhibit ovulation, alter endometrium, alter consistency of cervical mucus
130
do hormonal contraception need to be take even if not having sex
yes, regularly even if not having sex
131
what 2 hormones do hormonal contraception give
estrogen and progestin
132
3 progestin and estrogen hormonal contraceptives
1. the pill
2. NuvaRing
3. Transdermal Patch
133
3 progestin only hormonal contraception
1. mini pill
2. depo-provera
3. LNG-IUS
134
pros of hormonal contraception
highly effectibe and dont gotta think about it, regulates menstrual cycle and flow and reduced risk of cancer
135
cons of hormonal contraception
doesnt protect against STI, must be taken regularly
136
describe Intra Uterine Device
makes uterine environment inhospitable to sperm, includeds non hormonal and hormonal IUD and lasts for 5 year (3-10), doesn't offer STI protection
137
Describe Cervical Barriers
barrier to cervix, contains spermicide to kill sperm that gets through, keep it in place before and 6 hrs after sex
138
When ovulation is approaching, the cervical position is closest to the vaginal
opening.
A) True
B) False
False, as ovulation approches, cervix moves up and opens
