Week 13 - Muscles of Neck, Chest, Back, Abdominal Wall, Thigh, Leg Flashcards
(222 cards)
1
Q
What are the muscles that act on hip joint/ thigh?
A
Are on the anterior side…
- Psoas major
- Iliacus
- Psoas minor
(Iliopsoas = Psoas major + Iliacus)
2
Q
What is the action of the psoas major?
A
- Flexes the thigh
- Ipsilateral laterally bends the vertebral column
3
Q
What is the innervation of the psoas major?
A
L1 - L3
4
Q
What is the origin of the psoas major?
A
Lumbar vertebrae
5
Q
What is the insertion of the psoas major?
A
Lesser trochanter of the femur
6
Q
What is the action of the iliacus?
A
- Flexes the thigh
7
Q
What is the innervation of the iliacus?
A
Femoral nerve
8
Q
What is the origin of the iliacus
A
Iliac fossa (inner part of ilium - –> area on top of pelvic bone)
9
Q
What is the insertion of the Iliacus?
A
Lesser trochanter of the femur
10
Q
What is the action of the psoas minor?
A
- Aids in flexing the trunk
11
Q
What is the innervation of the psoas minor?
A
L2-L3
12
Q
What is the origin of the psoas minor?
A
T12-L1
13
Q
What is the insertion of the psoas minor
A
Pectineal line of the pubis (top of pubis bone)
14
Q
What are the posterior muscles of the gluteal region muscles?
A
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus medius (laterally than maximus)
- Gluteus minimus (inferior to medius)
15
Q
What are the actions of the gluteus Maximus?
A
- Extends the thigh (especially when the thigh is in flexed position, agonist)
- Laterally rotate the thigh
- Abducts the thigh
16
Q
What is the innervation of the gluteus maximus?
A
- Inferior gluteal (L5-S2)
17
Q
What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?
A
- Dorsal ilium
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
18
Q
What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?
A
- Gluteal tuberosity of femur
- Iliotibial tract
19
Q
What are the actions of the gluteus medius?
A
- Abducts the thigh
- Medially rotates the thigh
- Stabilizes the pelvis when walking
20
Q
What is the innervation of the gluteus medius?
A
Superior gluteal (L4 - S1)
21
Q
What is the origin of the gluteus medius?
A
Lateral surface of the ilium
22
Q
What is the insertion of the gluteus medius?
A
Greater trochanter of femur
23
Q
What are the actions of the gluteus minimus?
A
- Abducts the thigh
- Medially rotates the thigh
- Stabilizes the pelvis while walking
24
Q
What is the innervation of the gluteal minimus?
A
Superior gluteal (L4-S1)
25
What is the origin of the gluteus minimus?
Lateral surface of ilium
26
What is the insertion of the gluteus minimus?
Greater trochanter of femur
27
What are the 6 deep gluteal, lateral thigh rotators?
- Piriformis
- Gemellus superior
- Obturator internus
- Gemellus inferior
- Obturator externus
- Quadratus femoris
28
What are the actions of the piriformis muscles?
- Abducts the thigh
- Laterally rotates the thigh
29
What are the innervations of the piriformis?
S1,S2,L5
30
What is the origin of the piriformis?
Sacrum
31
What is the insertion of the piriformis?
Greater trochanter of the femur
32
What are the actions of the gemellus superior?
- Rotates thigh laterally
33
What are the innervations of the gemellus superior?
L5, S1
34
What is the origin of the gemellus superior
Ischius spine of ischium
35
What is the insertion of the gemellus superior?
Greater trochanter of the femur
36
What are the actions of the obturator internus?
- Abducts thigh
- Laterally rotates the thigh
37
What is the innervation of the obturator internus?
- L5, S1
38
What is the origin of the obturator internus?
Internal obturator foramen
39
What is the insertion of the obturator internus?
Greater trochanter of the femur
40
What is the action of the gemellus inferior?
- Rotates the thigh laterally
41
What is the innervation of the gemellus inferior?
L5, S1
42
What is the origin of the gemellus inferior?
Lesser sciatic notch of ischium
43
What is the insertion of the gemellus inferior?
Greater trochanter of the femur
44
What is the action of the obturator externus?
- Laterally rotates the thigh
45
What is the innervation of the obturator externus?
Obturator nerve (L3-L4)
46
What is the origin of the obturator externus?
External part of the obturator foramen
47
What is the insertion of the obterator externus?
Greater trochanter of the femur
48
What is the action of the quadratus femoris?
- Laterally rotates the thigh
49
What is the innervation of the quadratus femoris?
L5, S1
50
What is the origin of the quadratus femoris?
Lateral boarder of the ischial tuberosity, near inferior part of the pelvis
51
What is the insertion of the quadratus femoris?
Greater trochanter of the femur
52
What are the muscles of the anterior (knee extensor) compartment of the thigh?
- Sartorius
- Vastus medialis
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femoris)
53
What are the actions of the sartorius?
- Flexes the thigh
- Flexus the knee
- Abducts the thigh
- Laterally rotates the thigh
- Actions produce a crossed-legged position
54
What is the innervation of the sartorius?
Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
55
What is the origin of the sartorius?
ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
56
What is the insertion of the sartorius?
Medial side of proximal tibia
57
What is the action of the vastus medialis?
Extends leg
58
What is the innervation of the vastus medialis?
Femoral nerve
59
What is the origin of the vastus medialis?
- Linea aspera
- Intertrochanteric line
60
What is the insertion of the vastus medialis?
- Patella
- Tibial tuberosity
61
What are the actions of the vastus lateralis?
- Extends the knee
- Stabilizes the patella
62
What is the innervation of the vastus lateralis?
Femoral nerve
63
What is the origin of the vastus lateralis?
- Intertrochanteric line
- Proximal half of line aspera
64
What is the insertion of the vastus lateralis?
- Patella
- Tibial tuberosity
65
What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris
(anterior thigh compartment)
- Vastus medialis
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius
66
What is the action of the vastus intermedius?
- Extends leg
67
What is the innervation of the vastus intermedius?
Femoral
68
What is the origin of the vastus intermedius?
- Anterior and lateral portion of proximal femor
69
What is the insertion of the vastus intermedius
- Patella
- Tibial tuberosity
70
What are the actions of the rectus femoris?
- Extends the knee
- Flexes the thigh at the hip
71
What is the innervation of the rectus femoris?
Famoral nerve
72
What is the origin of the rectus femoris?
AIIS (Anterior inferior iliac spine)
73
What is the insertion of the rectus femoris
- Patella
- Tibial tuberosity
74
What are the muscles of the medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh?
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis (deep to adductor longus)
- Adductor magnus
- Pectineus
- Gracilis
75
What are the actions of the adductor longus?
- Adducts the thigh
- Flexes the thigh
- Rotates the thigh medially
76
What is the innervation of the adductor longus?
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
77
What is the origin of the adductor longus?
Top point of pubis, near pubic symphesis
78
What is the insertion of the adductor longus?
Linea aspera of femur
79
What are the actions of the adductor brevis?
- Adducts the thigh
- Flexes the thigh
- Rotates the thigh medially
80
What is the innervation of the adductor brevis?
Obturator
81
What is the origin of the adductor brevis?
- Inferior ramus and body of pubis
82
What is the insertion of the adductor brevis?
- Upper third of line aspera of femur
83
What are the actions of the adductor magnus?
- Adducts the thigh
- Flexes the thigh
- Rotates the thigh medially
84
What is the innervation of the adductor magnus?
- Adductor part --> Obturator
- Hamstring part --> Tibial division of sciatic nerve
85
What is the origin of the adductor magnus?
-Ischial tuberosity
- Ischial ramus
- Inferior ramus of pubis
86
What is the insertion of the adductor magnus?
- Linea aspera of femur
- Adductor tubercle of femur
87
What are the actions of the pectineus?
- Adducts the thigh
- Flexes the thigh
- Rotates the thigh medially
88
What is the innervation of the pectineus?
Femoral
89
What is the origin of the pectineus?
Pectineal line of pubis
90
What is the insertion of the pectineus?
Pectineal line of femur
91
What are the actions of the gracilis?
- Adducts the thigh
- Flexes the thigh
- Flexes the leg medially
- Rotates the thigh medially
92
What is the innervation of the gracilis?
Obturator
93
What is the origin of the gracilis?
- Body and inferior ramus of pubis
94
What is the insertion of the gracilis?
- Upper medial surface of proximal tibia (pes anserinus)
95
What 3 muscles form the posterior (flexor) compartment of the thigh? --> make up the hamstrings
- Biceps femoris (short head is deep to long head)
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus (deep to semitendinosus)
96
What are the actions of the biceps femoris?
- Extends the thigh
- Flexes the knee
97
What is the innervation of the biceps femoris?
- Long head --> sciatic
- Short head --> Common fibular
98
What is the origin of the biceps femoris?
- Long head --> ischial tuberosity
- Short head --> linea aspera
99
What is the insertion of the biceps femoris?
- Head of fibula
- Lateral condyle of tibia
100
What is the action of the semitendinosus?
- Extends the thigh
- Flexes the knee
101
What is the innervation of the semitendinosus?
Sciatic nerve
102
What is the origin of the semitendinosis?
- Ischial tuberosity
103
What is the insertion of the semitendinosus
- Medial surface of proximal tibia (pes anserinus)
104
What are the actions of the semimembranosus?
- Extends the thigh
- Flexes the knee
105
What is the innervation of the semimembranosis?
Sciatic nerve
106
What is the origin of the semimembranosus?
Ischial tuberosity
107
What is the insertion of the semimebranosus?
Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
108
What are the muscles of the lateral (adbuctor) compartment of the thigh?
- Tensor fascia latae
- Iliotibial band
109
What are the actions of the tensor fascia latae?
- Abducts the thigh
- Flexes the thigh
- Rotates the thigh medially
- Tightens (tenses) the fascia lata and deep fascia of lateral thigh
110
What is the innervation of the tensor fascia latae?
Superior gluteal
111
What is the origin of the tensor fascia latae?
- Iliac crest
- ASIS
112
What is the insertion of the tensor fascia latae?
Iliotibial tract
113
What is the action of the iliotibial band
Connective tissue band
- Laterally supports the knee when the tensor fasciae lata contracts
114
What is the origin of the iliotibial band
Iliac crest
115
What is the insertion of the iliotibial band?
Lateral condyle of tibia
116
What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
117
What muscles make up the lateral (fibular) compartment of the leg?
- Fibularis longus
- Fibularis brevis
118
What are the actions of the tibialis anterior?
- Dorsiflexes the foot
- Inverts the foot
119
What is the innervation of the tibialis anterior?
Deep fibular
120
What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?
- Lateral condyle and upper diaphysis of tibia
121
What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?
- First cuneiform (tarsal connecting to metatarsal of big toe)
- Base of first metatarsal
122
What are the actions of the extensor hallucis longus?
- Extends the big toe
- Dorsiflexes the foot
123
What is the innervation of the extensor hallucis longus?
- Deep fibular
124
What is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus
- Anterior surface of fibula
- Interosseous membrane
125
What is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus?
- Distal phalanx of big toe (1)
126
What is are the actions of the extensor digitorum longus?
- Extends the toes
- Dorsiflexes the foot
127
What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum longus?
- Deep fibular
128
What is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus?
- Lateral condyle of tibia
- Anterior surface of fibula
- Interosseous membrane
129
What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum longus?
- Distal phalanges of toes (2-5)
130
What are the actions of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius?
- Dorsiflexes foot
- Everts foot
131
What is the innervation of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius?
Deep fibular
132
What is the origin of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius
- Anterior distal surface of fibula
- Interosseous membrane
133
What is the insertion of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius?
Base of metatarsal 5
134
What are the actions of the fibularis longus?
- Everts the foot
- Plantar flexes the foot
135
What is the innervation of the fibularis longus?
Superficial fibular
136
What is the origin of the fibularis longus?
- Head and upper two-thirds of shaft fibula
- Lateral condyle of tibia
137
What is the insertion of the fibularis longus?
- Base of metatarsal I
- Medial cuneiform
138
What are the actions of the fibularis brevis?
- Everts the foot
- Plantar flexes the foot
139
What is the innervation of the fibularis brevis?
Superficial fibular
140
What is the origin of the fibularis brevis?
- Midlateral shaft of fibula
141
What is the insertion of the fibularis brevis?
- Base of metatarsal 5
142
What muscles make up the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the leg?
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Plantaris
143
What parts make up the triceps surae
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
144
What parts make up the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the leg?
- Popliteus
- Tibialis posterior
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Flexor hallucis longus
145
What are the actions of the gastrocnemius?
- Plantar flexes the foot
- Assists with knee flexion
146
What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius?
Tibial nerve
147
What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?
- Medial condyle of femur
- Lateral condyle of femur
148
What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?
- Posterior surface of calcaneus
149
What is the action of the soleus?
- Plantar flexes the foot
150
What is the innervation of the soleus?
Tibial nerve
151
What is the origin of the soleus?
- Head of fibula
- Proximal tibia
- Interosseus membrane
152
What is the insertion of the soleus?
- Posterior surface of calcaneus
153
What are the actions of the plantaris?
- Plantar flexes the foot
- Assists with knee flexion
154
What is the innervation of the plantaris?
Tibial nerve
155
What is the origin of the plantaris?
- Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
156
What is the insertion of the plantaris?
- Posterior region of calcaneus
157
What are the actions of the popliteus?
- Knee flexion
- Laterally rotating the femur on the tibia when walking
158
What is the innervation of the popliteus?
Tibial nerve
159
What is the origin of the popliteus?
Lateral condyle of femur
160
What is the insertion of the popliteus?
- Posterior surface of tibia
161
What are the actions of the tibialis posterior?
- Inverts the foot and plantar flexion
162
What is the innervation of the tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve
163
What is the origin of the tibialis posterior
- Fibula
- Tibia
- Interosseous membrane
164
What is the insertion of the tibialis posterior
- Metatarsals 2-4
- Navicular bone
- Cuboid bone
- All cuneiforms
165
What are the actions of the flexor digitorum longus
- Flexes digits 2-5
- Plantar flexion
166
What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum longus
Tibial nerve
167
What is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus
- Posteromedial surface of tibia
168
What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum longus
- Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
169
What are the actions of the flexor hallucis longus?
- Flexes the big toe
- Plantar flexion
170
What is the innervation of the flexor hallucis longus?
- Tibial nerve
171
What is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?
- Posterior fibula
- Interosseus membrane
172
What is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus?
- Base of distal phalanx of big toe
173
What are the muscles of the anterior thorax?
- Intercostal muscles (external and internal)
- Serratus anterior
174
What are the actions of the external intercostal muscles?
- Elevates the rib cage
- Spreading the ribs
- Assisting in inspiration
175
What are the actions of the internal intercostal muscles?
- Depresses the rib cage
- Pulls ribs close together
- Assisting expiration
176
What is the innervation of the intercostal muscles?
Intercostal nerve
177
What is the origin and insertion of the external intercostal muscles?
Origin: Lower border of upper rib
Insertion: Upper border of lower rib
- Run in an oblique way, left top to right bottom diagonally
178
What is the origin and insertion of the internal intercostal muscles?
Origin: Upper border of lower rib
Insertion: Lower border of upper rib
- Run from bottom left to right top, oblique
179
What are the actions of the serratus anterior?
- Scapular protraction
- Upward scapular rotation
180
What is the innervation of the serratus anterior?
- Long thoracic nerve
181
What is the origin of the serratus anterior?
- Ribs 1-9
182
What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?
Medial border of scapula
183
What are the muscles of the posterior thorax?
- Serratus posterior superior
- Serratus posterior inferior
- Splenius capitis
- Splenius cervicis
184
What is the action of the serratus posterior superior
Elevates ribs
185
What is the innervation of the serratus posterior superior?
Intercostal nerve
186
What is the action of the serratus posterior inferior?
- Depresses ribs
187
What is the innervation of the serratus posterior inferior?
- Intercostal nerve
188
What are the actions of the splenius capitis?
- Bilaterally --> neck extension
- Unilaterally --> Ipsilateral lateral flexion, ipsilateral head rotation
189
What is the innervation of the splenius capitis?
Dorsal rami
190
What are the actions of the splenius cervicis?
- Bilaterally --> extends cervical spine
- Unilaterally --> Ipsilateral lateral flexion, rotation of cervical spine
191
What is the innervation of the splenius cervicis?
Dorsal rami
192
What are the muscles of the posterior thorax?
- Iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) --> lateral column
- Longissimus (thoracis, cervicis, capitis) --> intermediate column
- Spinalis --> medial column
- Semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
193
What are the actions of the Iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) --> lateral column
- Extend vertebral column
- Ipsilateral lateral flexion of vertebral column
194
What is the innervation of the Iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) --> lateral column
Dorsal rami
195
What are the actions of the longissimus (thoracis, cervicis, capitis) --> intermediate column
- Extend the vertebral column (particularly thoracis)
- Ipsilateral lateral flexion of vertebral column
196
What is the innervation of the longissimus (thoracis, cervicis, capitis) --> intermediate column
Dorsal rami
197
What is the action of the spinalis --> medial column
- Extend the vertebral column
198
What is the innervation of the spinalis --> medial column
Dorsal rami
199
What are the actions of the semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
- Extend the vertebral column
- Capitis and cervicis extend the
- Contralateral trunk/head rotation
200
What is the innervation of the semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
Dorsal rami
201
What is the origin of the semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
Transverse processes
202
What is the insertion of the semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
Spinous processes
203
What are the muscles of the anterior neck?
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Scalenes
204
What are the actions of the sternocleidomastoid?
- Bilaterally --> flex head
- Unilaterally --> flex head, contralateral rotation
- The accessory muscle of respiration
205
What is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid?
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
206
What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?
- Manubrium of sternum
- Medial portion of clavicle
207
What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?
- Mastoid process of temporal bone
208
What are the actions of the scalenes?
- Elevates first two ribs
- Neck flexion
209
What is the innervation of the scalenes?
Cervical spinal nerves
210
What are the muscles of the abdomen?
- Rectus abdominis
- External abdominal oblique
- Internal abdominal oblique
- Transversus abdominis
211
What are the actions of the rectus abdominis
- Flexes the trunk
- Depresses the ribs
212
What is the innervation of the rectus abdominis?
Intercostal
213
What are the origins of the rectus abdominis?
- Xiphoid process of sternum
- Inferior surfaces of ribs 5-7
214
What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?
- Superior surface of pubis near symphysis
215
What are the actions of the external abdominal oblique?
- Compresses abdomen
- Trunk ipsilateral lateral flexion
- Contralateral trunk rotation
- Active in forced expiration
216
What is the innervation of the external abdominal oblique?
Intercostal nerve
217
What are the origins of the internal abdominal oblique?
- Lumbar fascia
- Inguinal ligament
- Iliac crest
218
What are the insertions of the internal abdominal oblique?
- Linea alba
- Pubic crest
- Inferior rib surfaces of ribs 9-12
- Costal cartilages of ribs 8-10
219
What is the action of the transversus abdominis?
Compresses abdominal cavity
220
What is the innervation of the transversus abdominis?
Intercostal nerve
221
What are the origins of the transversus abdominis
- Iliac crest
- Cartilages of inferior ribs 7-12
- Lumbar fascia
- Inguinal ligament
222
What are the insertions of the transverse abdominis?
- Linea alba
- Pubic crest
