week 13: nursing theories

Question 1

what is a theory?

Answer 1

-based on concepts and propositions that help to examine/explain the relationship between concepts
-offers descriptions, explanations, and predictions
-theories are dynamic

Question 2

what is nursing theory in action?

Answer 2

-focuses attention on issues important to providing care
-creates knowledge unique to nursing, raises status of nursing profession

Question 3

how does nursing theory impact nursing care?

Answer 3

nursing theory
-explains
-describes
-predicts
-prescribes

Question 4

what are the components of a theory?

Answer 4

-concepts
-definitions
-assumptions
-phenomenon

Question 5

what is the concept of the theory?

Answer 5

term or label that describes the phenomenon

Question 6

what is the definition of the theory?

Answer 6

the definition of the theory conveys the general meaning of the concepts

Question 7

what are the assumptions of the theory?

Answer 7

statements that describe concepts or connect 2 concepts and represent values, beliefs, or goals

Question 8

what is the phenomenon of the theory?

Answer 8

-aspect of reality that can be consciously sensed or experienced
-can be empirical (experienced through senses) or abstract (not observable)

Question 9

what is an example of an empirical phenomenon?

Answer 9

pain- experienced through senses

Question 10

what is an example of an abstract phenomenon?

Answer 10

hope- not observable

Question 11

what is the purpose of nursing theories?

Answer 11

to provide direction and guidance for:
-structuring professional nursing practice, education, and research
-differentiating the focus of nursing from other disciplines

Question 12

what is the purpose of nursing theories in practice?

Answer 12

they are a guide for assessment, implementation, and evaluation of care

Question 13

what is the purpose of nursing theories in education?

Answer 13

they provide a guide for design/decisions related to curriculum

Question 14

what is the purpose of nursing theories in research?

Answer 14

they assist in generating new ideas, knowledge, and validate nursing practice

Question 15

what are the types of nursing theories?

Answer 15

-grand theories
-middle range theories
-practice level theories

Question 16

what is a grand theory?

Answer 16

-also known as conceptual models/conceptual frameworks
-focus on metaparadigm of nursing
-abstract; difficult to test

Question 17

what is a middle range theory?

Answer 17

-less abstract; more concrete
-addresses specific phenomenon
-reflects practice

Question 18

what is a practice level theory?

Answer 18

-narrow scope
-developed for specific nursing situations

Question 19

how did the curriculum era impact the knowledge development in nursing? 1930’s

Answer 19

-nurses should study in order to learn how to nurse

Question 20

how did the research era impact the knowledge development in nursing? 1950’s

Answer 20

acknowledged that research was the path to new nursing knowledge

Question 21

how did the graduate education era impact the knowledge development in nursing? 1959 uwo

Answer 21

masters degree program in nursing emerged; courses in concept development or nursing theory began to emerge

Question 22

how did the theory era impact the knowledge development in nursing? mid 1970’s

Answer 22

doctoral education in nursing began to emerge as nursing transitioned from being a vocation to being a profession

Question 23

what does the nursing metaparadigm do?

Answer 23

it provides conceptual framework for nursing and links science, philosophy, and theory that is applied by the profession

Question 24

what are the 4 parts of the nursing metaparadigm?

Answer 24

-person: an individual, family, or community
-health: a state of well-being or wellness as defined by client
-environment: a persons surroundings including internal and external (including family and friends)
-nursing: the attributes, characteristics, and actions of the nurse providing care on behalf of, or in conjunction with, the client

Question 25

what are the major theoretical models?

Answer 25

-systems theories -interactive theories -simultaneity theories

Question 26

what are systems theories?

Answer 26

-focus on the client and clients environment -balance an stability through adaptation

Question 27

what are interactive theories?

Answer 27

they focus on the nurse-patient relationship

Question 28

what are simultaneity theories>

Answer 28

they focus on caring, respect, hope, trust, finding meaning in the experience, and the unity of mind, body, and spirit

Question 29

what is the roy adaptation model?

Answer 29

-views the person as holistic, biopsychosocial being -person is interacting with constantly changing environment -person adapts to environment to cope -goal of nursing is to promote positive adaptive responses - is a system theory

Question 30

what is peplau's interpersonal relations theory?

Answer 30

focuses on therapeutic relationships between nurse and client instead of illness or disease -interactive theory

Question 31

what is j.watson's theory of human caring

Answer 31

-care for the body is connected to unity of mind, body, and spirit -nurses help client find meaning -a connectedness between people and environments -simultaneity theory

Question 32

who is florence nightingale?

Answer 32

the founder pf modern nursing

Question 33

what is the florence nightingale theory?

Answer 33

-focuses on the environment and its role in improving health -healthy surroundings are vital for proper nursing care -nursing utilizes environment to assist patient in their recovery

Question 34

what are the 5 essential to the florence nightingale theory?

Answer 34

-pure air -pure water -efficient drainage -cleanliness -light

Question 35

who is simone roach?

Answer 35

creator of the 6 C's of caring

Question 36

what are the 6 C's of caring?

Answer 36

1.compassion: awareness of a relationship to all living creatures 2.competence: knowledge, skills, and experience to respond to professional responsibility 3.confidence: quality that fosters relationships 4.conscience: moral awareness 5.commitment: balance of one's desires and obligations, the deliberate choice to act in accordance with them 6.comportment: considering others behaviour, attitude, appearance, dress, and language that communicate a caring presence

Question 37

what is the 7th C in the 6 C's of caring?

Answer 37

creativity: having a vision of how nursing care can be and making it better

Question 38

what is the future of nursing theories?

Answer 38

-continue to evolve -continue to develop knowledge