Week 13 : readings Flashcards
1
Q
Objective side of continuum
A
- spotlight on deviant act itself
- deviant act exists prior to the analysis & can be recognized by specific characteristics such as negative societal reaction, harm, statistical rarity or violation of norms
- overarching positivist interest in explaining variation in human behaviour (causation- what makes ppl act in deviant ways)
- functionalist theories, learning theories & control theories
2
Q
Subjective side of continuum
A
- spotlight on social processes by which certain ppl, actions/characteirstics come to be percieved as deviant & treated accordlingly
- suggest that we cannot recognize devience in any objective sense but have to be taught that certain ppl, actions/characteristics are deviant
- deviance and normality are socially constructed
- power percieved as central to determining what it deviant
- interpretive & critical theories
3
Q
combining them gives us the most comprehensive understanding of deviance
A
we learn about something about the deviant act (what, when & how it occurs) & the processes by which that act has come to be percieved and treated as deviant
4
Q
objective-subjective continuum
media
A
- objective = analyzing effects of media consumption on attitudes & behaviour (administrative)
- subjective = exploring how media socially constructs events, issues & identities & how those constructions may be affected by changing structures of media ownership
5
Q
objective-subjective continuum
Sexuality
A
- objectivist = looking at changing sexual cultures in NA we saw various norms that shaped ppl’s sexual behaviour
- subjectivist = what is considered sexually deviant stems not from acts themselves but from evaluations of specific acts & identities based on dominant moral codes in society at the time
6
Q
objective-subjective continuum
Youth
A
- objectivist = more research in youth is objective (factors that contribute to youth crime), differential association, control & learning theories
- subjectivist = explores how media representations construct the ‘gang problem’ and how the meaning of vaping varies across individuals… & how youth itself is considered deviant
7
Q
objective-subjective continuum
Body size
A
- objectivist = analyze various biological, psychological & social factors in attempts to determine why ppl become obese/anorexic & what treatments will help them
- subjectivist = populat social perceptions of too fat, too thin & ideal have little to do iwth health risks & more current cultural standards of beauty (unrealistic)
8
Q
objective-subjective continuum
Body modification
A
- objectivist = explores reasins why ppl get tats/piercings & risk factors associated with body modification
- subjectivist = explores what body modification tells us anout social interactions (impression management) & larger society
9
Q
objective-subjective continuum
Mental disorders
A
- objectivist = reflected in the material on prevalence, causes & treatments of mental illness
- subjectivist = reflected in the research that emphasizes the political and social aspects of diagnosis and treatment
10
Q
objective-subjective continuum
religion
A
- objective = search to understand sects & cults, such as charateristics of religion institutions that create a foundation for deviant acts
- subjective = questioned traditional distinction between churches & sects, showed political factors determine which groups are treated as deviant & analyzed ways certain groups are framed in the media… showed relgion itself as a social typer of deviance
11
Q
objective-subjective continuum
Science
A
- objective = studies deviant acts that occur in science (misconduct), bad apple theory, iceberg theory, neutralization theory, mertions strain theory & control theories
- subjective = explored in the analysis of science as a powerful social typer of deviance, telling us who or what should be considered deviant
12
Q
social typing process (deviance comes from this)
A
- description = label is attached to a person, behaviour/characeristic
- evluation = judgement attached to the person, behaviour/characteristic cuz of label
- prescription = person is treated in a specific way cuz of the label & judgement attached
13
Q
forms of social control
A
- formal & informal
- preventative or retroactive
- self control
14
Q
Social Typing, Social Control and Powerful Groups
Media
A
- plays role in everyone’s lives
- commercial enterprise uses media by (1) media is a form of commercial enterprise & (2) as a tool for selling/advertising
- government uses media
15
Q
Social Typing, Social Control and Powerful Groups
Sexuality
A
- at any time in history, certain sex behaviours socially typed as deviant & subject to social control
- 16-17th century = sexual deviance religious & family concern
- today, we have legislation, medicalization, social organizations that encourage abstinence & contraceptive use in adolescents
16
Q
Social Typing, Social Control and Powerful Groups
Youth…
A
- youth crime defined & controlled by government and CJS
- gangs considered a widespread concern reflected in media, specialized enforcement units & educational programs discouraging membership
- youth substance abuse socially typed as deviant, medical & social issue… campaigns via media, education and intervention programs within various social organizations & medical treatment
17
Q
Social Typing, Social Control and Powerful Groups
Physical appearances…
A
- difficult to find employment
- regulated in medicine, media & commercial industry
- controlled through stigmatization, prejudice & discrimination
- government targets overweight ppl
- schools are attempting to reduce proportion of overweight kids
18
Q
Social Typing, Social Control and Powerful Groups
Mental illness
A
- highly medicalized
- past… possessed by devil/witchcraft & exorcisms
- deinstitutionalization has worked well for ppl with strong support networks & who live in communities w sufficient resources
- but for ppl who dont have this, deinstitutionalization has meant a lack of medical treatment
19
Q
Social Typing, Social Control and Powerful Groups
Religion & science…
A
- many different religious groups socially typed as deviant by governments, scientific experts or other religous groups
- anti-cult mvoement & counter-cult movement
- sceicne = concept of deviant scieences or pseudoscience
20
Q
Deviance dance
A
- refers to idea that with any specific person, action/characteristic that has been socially typed as deviant, there will be differing points of view, debate and resistance
- sometimes uniform
- sometimes waltz like = various groups work toward same goal but not all taking same steps to reach it
- sometimes mosh pit like = groups pushing, shoving & slamming into each other to reach their own particular goals
21
Q
deviance dance
media
A
- indigenous-produced media as a key component of decolonization
- hashtag activism important tool for marginalized groups
22
Q
deviance dance
sexuality
A
- debates over various aspects of sexuality
23
Q
deviance dance
Youth
A
- we see different opinions, several debates and acts of resistance
- for some, adolescence itself is defined as a time of inherent risk
- debates occur between politicians/interest groups that say youth crime is out of control & in need of tougher legislation & those groups that point out that public image of youth crime is tremendously oberblown
24
Q
deviance dance
body size
A
- different views & resistance
- cultural idels of thinness perpetuated in media & public opinion but various orgs trying to change cultural ideals
25
# deviance dance
mental disorders
- stigma-management strategies of deflecting & challenging
- debates surrounding specific diagnosis categories in the DSM
26
# deviance dance
Religion
religious groups identified themselves in court cases, pursue litigation themselves, recruit celebs to improve groups image & communicate ideologies thru various forms of media
27
# deviance dance
Science
ongoing debates over which belief systems are real science or pseudoscience
28
Human rights documents...
- Universal declaration of human rights
- themes run through range of human rights documents... (1) right to human dignity (2) freedom crom discrimination (3) security of person and property
