Week 1_ Nutrition Research (p. 18-25) Flashcards
What is considered to be the first dietary clinical trial.
1747 experiments by James Lind, physician, aboard the Salisbury. Observed that oranges and lemons were the only dietary elements that seemed to cure SCURVY.
The three important elements in a modern clinical trial.
(1) Random assignment to groups (2) Use of placebos & (3) The double-blind method
Epidemiological Studies (Used in Nutrition Research)
An epidemiological study compares disease rates among population groups and attempts to identify related conditions or behaviors such as diet and smoking habits. The results show CORRELATIONS.
Animal Studies (Used in Nutrition Research)
These provide preliminary data that often lead to human studies.
Cell Culture Studies (Used in Nutrition Research)
Isolation of specific cells grown in lab; studied to observe the metabolic processes as affected by nutrients and other components. An Important area of NUTRIGENOMICS.
Case Control Studies (Used in Nutrition Research)
A small scale epidemiological study comparing a condition in individuals with individuals who do not have the condition.
Clinical Trials (Used in Nutrition Research)
Also known as Intervention Studies: Controlled studies with an intervention to determine its impact along certain health parameters. These use an EXPERIMENTAL Group and a CONTROL group.
Correlations (Term)
Connections co-occurring more frequently that can be explained by chance or coincidence but without a proven cause.
Nutrigenomics (Term)
The study of how nutrition interacts with specific genes to influence a person’s health.
Case Control Studies (Term)
Investigations that use a group of people with a particular condition rather than a randomly selected population. These cases are compared with a control group of people who do not have the condition.
Clinical Trials (Term)
Studies that collect large amounts of data to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment.
The Scientific Process
- Observation 2. Hypothesis 3. Experimentation 4. Publication 5. More Experiments 6. Theory
Placebo (Term)
An inactive substance that is outwardly indistinguishable from the active substance whose effects are being studied.
Placebo Effect (Term)
A physical or emotional change that is not due to properties of an administered substance. The change reflects participants’ expectations.
Double-Blind Study (Term)
A research study set up so neither the subjects nor the investigators know which study group is receiving the placebo and which is receiving the active substance.
