Week 2

Question 1

Ligase

Answer 1

Enzyme, joins pieces of dna

Question 2

helicase

Answer 2

Enzyme, unwinds dna

Question 3

Topoisomerase/gyrase

Answer 3

Enzyme, that relieves supercoiling

Question 4

Primase

Answer 4

RNA polymerase that makes primer for replication

Question 5

ssBP

Answer 5

Single stranded binding proteins binds to ssDNA and protect from tangling/reforming dsDNA

Question 6

initiation

Answer 6

polymerisation starts

Question 7

chain elongation

Answer 7

main phase of polymerisation

Question 8

termination

Answer 8

polymerisation stop

Question 9

okazaki fragments

Answer 9

dna fragments being generated on the lagging strand

Question 10

Semi conservative DNA replication

Answer 10

DNA contains one older and one newly replicated strand

Question 11

supercoiling

Answer 11

overwind DNA

Question 12

replication fork

Answer 12

structure where DNA is being replicated on the lagging strands

Question 13

promoter

Answer 13

Dna sequence near start site of transcription, bound by sygma factor which recruits RNA polymerase II complex

Question 14

RNA polymerase II complex

Answer 14

Collection of proteins that make an RNA copy of DNA

Question 15

Sigma factor

Answer 15

Common bacterial transcription factor

Question 16

Transcription factor

Answer 16

protein that bind Dna and regulates transcription

Question 17

Transcription bubble

Answer 17

local unwinding of DNA for transcription

Question 18

Transcriptional activator

Answer 18

Molecule that increase transcription

Question 19

Transcriptional repressor

Answer 19

Molecule that decreases trancription

Question 20

Transcriptional start site

Answer 20

DNA sequence where transcription begins

Question 21

Alpha Helix

Answer 21

Form of protein secondary structure that forms a right handed helix

Question 22

Beta strand

Answer 22

Extended form of protein secondary structure

Question 23

Beta sheet

Answer 23

Assembly of beta strands

Question 24

Beta turn

Answer 24

Form of protein secondary structure, often formed between Beta strand in a beta sheet

Question 25

Secondary structure

Answer 25

Local interaction in the polypeptide chain with defined hydrogen bonding patterns and backbone bond angles

Question 26

Side chain

Answer 26

Functions groups which distinguish amino acids from each other

Question 27

polypeptide

Answer 27

protein or peptide

Question 28

primary structure

Answer 28

protein sequence

Question 29

Protein folding

Answer 29

process of forming tertiary structure

Question 30

Quaternary structure

Answer 30

Arrangement of folded proteins subunits

Question 31

Tertiary structure

Answer 31

Overall fold of a protein