week 2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
what are the 2 perspectives about crime stats
social constructivist
realist (Joyce)
what does it mean if crime is socially constructed
Its not determined by social, historical or political processes
example of socially constructed crime
Covid
what does Joyce say about crime stats
they cannot measure crime in separation from the agencies that produce them (police in particular)
What does the realist perspective say about crime
crime is real
official stats are an indicator of the true levels of crime
(there is a dark figure but we can see trends)
what does Durkheim call crime stats
Social facts
what are the 2 methods for collecting crime data
police recorded crime
victimisation surveys (CSEW) crime survey England and Wales
advantage of statistical bulletin
brings together data/stats from police recorded crime and victimisation survey
what is there an increase in (crime)
Sexual crimes
how much have sexual crimes risen
22%
increase in 199,000+ offences
when was the national crime recording standard introduced
2002 to achieve more accuracy and consistency
the incident will be recorded as a notifiable offence if…
the circumstance of the victims report amount to a crime defined by law
there is no credible evidence to the contrary
what is an Indictable offence
serious crime - murder rape, robbery
tried in front of a jury at crown court
what is a summary offence
a minor offence
tried by a magistrate
what is an either way offence
in between
can be tried by a magistrate or at crown court
what are the 9 categories recorded
violence
homicide
robbery
theft
computer misuse
fraud
sexual
public order
criminal damage
what offences are not included in the figures
Summary offences
e.g speeding
why might victims not report
too trivial
lack of trust with police
too busy
scared
what’s the dark figure of crime
crime thats never reported or discovered
when was the victim survey introduced and why
1982 to deal with the dark figure of crime
how much did the first report of the victim survey find
4x more than police stats
what’s considered more reliable victim survey or police stats
victimisation survey
who is not included in the victim survey
homeless
students
victimless crimes (drugs)
anyone under 16
