Week 2

Question 1

How is data collected for qualitative research?

Answer 1

Interviews

Observation/field notes

Reading documents for background

Question 2

How is data analyzed for qualitative research?

Answer 2

Code all of data and then try to find themes between them

Question 3

Mixed methods

Answer 3

When qualitative and quantitative data are both used in one research

Question 4

What does descriptive/observational research describe?

Answer 4

Samples through observation

Question 5

Methodological research

Answer 5

Studies examining reliability and validity

Question 6

What has highest validity between prospective, retrospective, and cross sectional?

Answer 6

Prospective

Question 7

Natural history

Answer 7

Looking at a disease as it progresses over time

Question 8

Normative studies

Answer 8

Normal/functional ROM or strength

Question 9

Surveys and case studies

Answer 9

Descriptive/observational

Question 10

N of 1 study

Answer 10

Following one patient and is prospective (experimental)

Question 11

Case study

Answer 11

Observational

Retrospective

Less internal validity

Question 12

When are case studies valuable?

Answer 12

They show a lot of detail as well as the thought process of clinical reasoning

Question 13

What are the benefits of a N of 1 study?

Answer 13

Greater internal validity and more patient focused

Question 14

Exploratory research

Answer 14

Investigating relationships between 2 or more variables

Question 15

What is correlation a precursor to?

Answer 15

Prediction

Question 16

Cohort study

Answer 16

Prospective

Rare exposures

Multiple outcomes

Slow

Expensive

Strong evidence

Question 17

Case control studies

Answer 17

Retrospective

Rare outcomes

Multiple exposures

Fast

Inexpensive

Weak evidence

Question 18

Quasi experimental research design

Answer 18

Lacks random assignment

Question 19

Experimental research

Answer 19

Has a comparison or control group, randomly assigns participants to groups

Question 20

What are the 5 criteria to define cause and effect relationship?

Answer 20

Time sequence

Strength of association

Biologic credibility

Consistency with other studies

Dose response relationships

Question 21

Time series design

Answer 21

3x pre test

Intervention

3x post test

Question 22

Why is a time series strong than a quasi experimental?

Answer 22

More testing (accounting for history)

Question 23

Narrative review

Answer 23

Selective review of literature

Authors can cherry pick articles

Broadly covers topic

Prone to bias

Question 24

Systematic review

Answer 24

Highly detailed review of literature

Authors must exhaust search efforts

Broadly covers a topic but includes all relevant articles

Question 25

Meta analysis includes a systematic review and what else?

Answer 25

Review and quantitative pooling of data for a statistical analysis

Question 26

When is data statistically significant on a forest plot?

Answer 26

When it crosses the vertical line

Question 27

What does it mean if the forest plot has a larger box?

Answer 27

Larger sample size

Question 28

CPG

Answer 28

Summaries of evidence to guide examination and treatment

Question 29

Research design validity

Answer 29

Relates to the choices made with research design (does the design help us measure and talk about what we intended to)

Question 30

Internal validity

Answer 30

Blinding, randomization, less bias

Question 31

External validity

Answer 31

Extent to which results can be applied to a generalized population (only soccer players in 2 states) (real world)

Question 32

What is a highly controlled research design?

Answer 32

Internal validity

Question 33

What is a pragmatic research design?

Answer 33

External validity

Question 34

Efficacy

Answer 34

Benefit of a treatment delivered in a highly controlled and ideal environment

Question 35

Effectiveness

Answer 35

Benefit of a treatment delivered in a pragmatic manner under real world conditions

Question 36

Independent variable

Answer 36

Something you manipulate (measures)

Question 37

Dependent variable

Answer 37

What we measure (outcomes)

Question 38

Construct

Answer 38

Non observable/non measurable quality you wish to measure

Question 39

Operational

Answer 39

Conversion of a construct into something observable and measurable

Question 40

What are some constructs measured in PT?

Answer 40

Strength Speed Knowledge Intelligence

Question 41

Continuous variable

Answer 41

Any value along a continuum within a defined range (age)

Question 42

Discrete

Answer 42

Described in whole units only (number of children)

Question 43

Nominal

Answer 43

Names (categories) Sex or gender Blood type Diagnosis Race Occupation History of cancer

Question 44

Ordinal

Answer 44

Names/categories but they have order to them Manual muscle testing Function Salary

Question 45

Interval

Answer 45

Numerical data (temperature in degrees) (can go below zero)

Question 46

Ratio

Answer 46

Numerical data (distance, age, weight, time) (Cannot go below zero)

Question 47

Attribute independent variable

Answer 47

Can not be manipulated (age)

Question 48

Active independent variable

Answer 48

Can be manipulated (body position)

Question 49

What is the word factor associated with?

Answer 49

Independent variable

Question 50

What is the word variate associated with?

Answer 50

Dependent variable

Question 51

Reliability

Answer 51

Describes the extent to which a test or measurement is free from error

Question 52

Intra rater reliability

Answer 52

Degree the examiner agrees with himself

Question 53

Validity

Answer 53

Degree to which a test measures what it’s suppose to be measuring

Question 54

Face validity

Answer 54

Degree to which the questions on a test make sense to the users

Question 55

Content validity

Answer 55

Content of the measure is consistent with what is to be measured

Question 56

Criterion validity

Answer 56

Comparing results of a test to those of a test that is considered gold standard

Question 57

Construct validity

Answer 57

How well a tool measures an abstract concept

Question 58

Inter rated reliability

Answer 58

Variation between 2 raters who measure same group