Week #2

Question 1

Molecule of DNA complexed with specific proteins responsible for storage and transformation of genetic information

Answer 1

Chromosome

Question 2

Chromosomes are made up of

Answer 2

Chromatin

Question 3

Chromatin is made up of what repeating octomer

Answer 3

Nucleosome

Question 4

Nucleosome is the basic unit of DNA packaging, made up of 8 _ proteins, and DNA (___bp) wrapped around _x

Answer 4

Histone, 146, 2

Question 5

An organism’s complete set of DNA

Answer 5

Genome

Question 6

Genome is present in all cells, except RBC because

Answer 6

RBC lack a nucleus and don’t need to divide, grow, perform complex function

Question 7

Specific DNA sequence that encode blueprint for protein

Answer 7

Gene

Question 8

Genes can vary in length 5386bp () to 3 billion bp ()

Answer 8

Phi-X 174, Humans

Question 9

Genes comprise only _% of human genome

Answer 9

2

Question 10

DNA Structure: 5’ end of DNA _ Group, 3’ end of DNA _ Group

Answer 10

Phosphate, Sugar Group

Question 11

What type of bonds between bases?

Answer 11

Hydrogen

Question 12

Smallest genome (473 genes) of independent organism

Answer 12

Syn 3.0

Question 13

Major Components of Gene

Answer 13

5’ - Regulatory Region, Promoter, Exons, Intron - 3’

Question 14

Region of DNA involved in gene expression control, towards the 5’ region of the sense strand

Answer 14

Promoter

Question 15

Core Promoters, sites for transcription factor binding, recruit and bind RNA polymerase

Answer 15

TATA, CAAT, GC Box

Question 16

Core promoter that is initiation site and specifies direction of transcription

Answer 16

TATA box

Question 17

Two Types of promoters

Answer 17

Constitutive, Cell Specific promoter

Question 18

Constitutive promoter is active in what cell type

Answer 18

All cell types

Question 19

Cell specific promoter is active in what cell type

Answer 19

Specific cell types

Question 20

Region that can be upstream or downstream from promoter, contains silencer, enhancer and insulator regions

Answer 20

Regulatory Region

Question 21

Regulatory Region Element that binds co-regulatory proteins (repressors) to decrease rate of transcription

Answer 21

Silencer

Question 22

Regulatory Region Element that binds co-regulatory proteins (activators) to increase rate of transcription

Answer 22

Enhancer

Question 23

Regulatory Region Element that is anti-enhancer and anti-silencer activity

Answer 23

Insulator

Question 24

Coding region of gene

Answer 24

Exon

Question 25

Non-coding region of gene, important for DNA structure, allows for alternative splicing of genes, regulate gene expression

Answer 25

Intron

Question 26

Central Dogma

Answer 26

Replication, Transcription, Translation

Question 27

Two Steps/Levels of Gene Expression

Answer 27

Transcription, Translation

Question 28

DNA vs RNA

Answer 28

DNA - Double stranded, deoxyribose sugar backbone RNA - Single stranded, ribose sugar backbone

Question 29

DNA Strand 5' - 3'

Answer 29

Top/Sense/Coding Strand

Question 30

DNA Strand 3' - 5'

Answer 30

Bottom/Antisense/Template Strand

Question 31

Newly transcribed mRNA Strand 5' - 3' is transcribed from which strand?

Answer 31

Bottom/Antisense/Template Strand

Question 32

During Transcription from DNA to mRNA, _ replaces _

Answer 32

U, T

Question 33

Post-Transciptional Regulations

Answer 33

1. Poly-A Tail 2. RNA interference by siRNA 3. RNA interference by miRNA

Question 34

Consists of 50-250 adenosine monophosphates, located at the 3' end of most mRNA, added post-transcriptionally on pre-mRNA in the nucleus (PAP+ cleavage factors bind to poly A signal (AAUAAA) and GU/U-rich motfis on RNA transcript and PAP enzyme adds adenosine monophosphates)

Answer 34

Poly-A Tail

Question 35

Roles of Poly-A Tail

Answer 35

1) Facilitate export of mRNA from the nucleus 2) Increase mRNA stability 3) Enhance translation

Question 36

How does addition of Poly-A Tail enhance translation?

Answer 36

eIF4 complex interacts with both the 5' end of mRNA (via eIF4E) and the poly-a tail (via PABP) and recruits the 43S ribosomal subunit (via eIF3

Question 37

21-23 nucleotide RNA molecules produced from cleavage of long double stranded DNA (dsDNA) by dicer enzyme. Cause sequence specific post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanisms

Answer 37

Small Interfering RNA

Question 38

Degrades mRNA with complementary sequences to siRNA

Answer 38

RNA Interference