Week 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
5 main causes of infections?
Virus, Bacterial, Parasitic, Fungi, Prions
Name 6 aspects of the chain of infection?
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host
Infectious Agent
Explain Reservoir in the Chain of Infection
The environment in which the pathogen lives and multiplies, e.g. person, animal, food or water
Explain Portal of Exit in the Chain of Infection
The way the pathogen leaves the reservoir, e.g. via coughing, sneezing, faeces or vomit
Explain the Mode of Transmission in the Chain of Infection
How microorganisms are transmitted from one person or place to another.
Explain the Portal of entry in the Chain of Infection
This is how the infection enters another individual. E.g. being breathed in, entering via a wound, or a tube such as a catheter.
Explain the Susceptible Host in the Chain of Infection
Describes the person who is vulnerable to infection.
Explain the Infectious Agent Host in the Chain of Infection
The microorganism which can cause disease
Difference between hazard and risk
Hazard: This refers to anything that has the potential to cause harm.
Risk: This is the likelihood that the hazard will cause harm, combined with the severity of the harm that could result
Explain SMART Assessment
S - Scene Safety. Is the scene safe for me
and my colleagues?
M - Mechanism of Injury. Is the cause of the issue medical or traumatic?
A - Additional Resources. Do I require any further support? Extra crew, HART, fire service, police.
R - Rules and Regulations. What guidelines must I adhere to? JRCACL and HCPC
T - Triage. Do I just have one patient is more crew needed bc of more patients?
What is CBRNE is an acronym for?
Chemical,
Biological,
Radiological,
Nuclear,
Explosives
What are Steps 1, 2, and 3 in reference to?
STEPS 1-2-3+ is a process used as a recognition and risk assessment tool.
Step 1 - One patient. Approach as normal once the scene has been deemed safe.
Step 2 – Two patients. Approach with caution, do they have similar symptoms?
Step 3 – Remove to a safe place, and request specialist support.
Name 3 aspects of the Patient Assessment Triangle
Appearance - What position are they in? Do they appear to be in pain?
Breathing - Is the patient breathing? Does it look normal? Too fast? Too slow?
Circulation - What does the patient’s
skin look like? Pale? Clammy?
What are the General Principles of IPC?
- Hand Hygiene
- Personal protective equipment (PPE)
- Safe handling and disposal of sharps
- Safe handling and disposal of clinical waste
- Managing blood and bodily fluids
- Decontaminating equipment
- A clean clinical environment
- Use and Care of indwelling devices
- Care of yourself and your colleagues if exposed to blood viruses
- Training
At what moments do you wash your hands according to WHO?
Before touching a patient,
Before cleaning/aseptic procedures,
After body fluid exposure/risk
After touching a patient
After touching the patient’s surroundings.
What is donning?
Putting on PPE for aerosol-generating procedures
What is doffing?
The Removal of PPE
What are the key pre-donning instructions?
Ensure healthcare worker
Tie hair back
Removal jewellery
Check PPE in the correct size is available
What are the key donning instructions?
- Put on the long-sleeved fluid-repellent disposable gown
- Perform a fit check
- Place Eye Protection
- Put on Gloves
What are the main ways accidental exposure to blood-borne viruses can occur?
Needles, instruments, bone fragments or significant bites that break the skin
How should blood and bodily fluid spills be handled?
Dealt quickly and with specific identified chemicals to ensure that any spillage is disinfected properly, considering the surface where the incident happened.
If you accidentally prick yourself with a needle, what should you do?
Bleed it
Wash it
Cover it
Report it
What PPE should be worn when handling blood and bodily fluids?
Gloves
Apron/Gown
Mask
Eye protection
What is the ultimate goal of sterilisation?
To ensure that an object is free from viable
micro- organisms
