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Kin 147 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

How do we assess muscle function

A

Strength testing

Manual muscle testing

Dynamometry

Electromyography

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2
Q

Manual Muscle Testing is used…

How is it used to aide

A

To determine the extent of muscular weakness as the result of disuse, injury or disease

Aid diagnoses and plan therapeutic exercise when a strength deficit exists

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3
Q

Manual Muscle Testing scores go from

A

0 - 5

0 being none

5 being normal

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4
Q

What type of test is used in manual muscle testing

A

Isometric

but can also test through range of motion

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5
Q

Examiners in manual muscle testing place the participant in…

A

A position and try to break the participant by moving them away from their isometric hold

They then grade muscle contraction based on MMT grading scale

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6
Q

Patient positioning in Manual Muscle testing involves

A

Muscle is placed at optimum muscle length tension relationship

Exact position varies per muscle group

Patient is physically placed in position to best test that muscle group

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7
Q

How could you modify the test for hip flexion using MMT if the patient cannot lift their own leg to optimal position

A

Have them lie on their side to neglect the gravity effects

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8
Q

Examiner positioning during MTT involves

A

Placing the resistance to maximise your mechanical advantage

In order to resist the patient isometrically, the amount of torque you apply must match the amount of torque the patient applies - static equilibrium

Muscle torque = resistance torque

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9
Q

Torque =

A

Force x Moment arm

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10
Q

How do we maximise your leverage

A

By increasing the moment arm of your resistance force

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11
Q

Isometric is

A

Pushing against immobile resistance

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12
Q

Concentric is

A

Pushing against resistance

Speed not consistent

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13
Q

Eccentric is

A

Push against resistance

Resistance wins

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14
Q

Isokinetic is

A

Pushing against resistance at constant speed

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15
Q

Isometric dynamometry is most common because

A

All types exist

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16
Q

What can you measure with Dynamometry

A

Peak force

Average force

Power (force/time)

Time to force peak or decline (fatigue)

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17
Q

What are the benefits of handheld dynamometry

A

Cheap

Easy to Perform

Quick in clinic

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18
Q

What are the benefits of Isokentic

A

Gold standard in accuracy

Can compare between subjects

Multiple measurement modes

Can measure any joint

Not reliant on tester strength

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19
Q

Range of motion testing is…

A

Biomechanical assessment of human movement

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20
Q

How do we assess ROM/Flexibility

A

Stretching Assessment

Goniometry

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21
Q

What can limit ROM

A 
Muscle tightness
Tendons stiffness
Ligament stiffness
Other tissues (fascia, rentinaculum)
Injury
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22
Q

Positioning goniometer involves

A

Lining up goniometer axis on joint center

Line up stationary arm with stationary body segment

Move joint to end ROM (passive or active) and align goniometer moving arm with moving body segment

Read gonionmeter (degrees)

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23
Q

Black numbers on goniometer used

Red numbers on goniometer used

A

If joint neutral position is 0 or 180

If joint neutral position is 90

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24
Q

Goniometry exception is

Why

A

Trunk flexion/extension

This is because it is not accurate because spine is multi segmented

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25
Passive vs active testing in goniometry
Passive = you move the patient to their end range Active = patient moves to end of range
26
What should you consider in goniometry testing
Patients strength Whether the patient is injured or in pain
27
Which of the following is not a method of testing muscle function or strength
Goniometry
28
Manual muscle testing (MMT) and dynamometry are most commonly performed using what type of muscle contraction
Isometric
29
If a patient is only able to achieve full range of motion in a gravity eliminated position, they would score what on the MMT scale
2
30
For MMT, you should place the participant in a position where the muscle is shortened and weaker relative to the optimum length-tension relationship
False
31
What factor can you most easily manipulate in order to improve your mechanical advantage when resisting the patient
The moment arm of your resistance force
32
A Biodex or HUMAC Norm machine is able to perform what type of dynamometry, that is essentially impossible with a handheld dynamometer
Isokinetic
33
Which portion of the goniometer do you line up with the joint center
Axis of rotation
34
The angle of the joint in neutral position will affect how you read the dynamometer
True
35
Measuring trunk flexion/extension range of motion is done by lining the goniometer axis with the hip joint, the stationary arm with the thigh, and the moving arm with the shoulders
False
36
Moving the patient to the end of their range of motion during goniometry is called what type of test
Passive ROM testing
37
0 on a MMT scale represents
No visible contraction
38
1 on a MMT scale represents
Visible or palpable contraction with no motion
39
2 on a MMT scale represents
Full ROM gravity eliminated
40
3 on a MMT scale represents
Full ROM against gravity
41
4 on a MMT scale represents
Full ROM against gravity, moderate resistance
42
5 on a MMT scale represents
Full ROM against gravity, maximal resistance
43
Muscle for ankle plantarflexion
Gastrocnemius
44
Muscle for ankle dorsiflexion
Tibialis anterior
45
Muscle for ankle inversion
Tibialis anterior
46
Muscle for ankle eversion
Peroneus longus/brevis
47
Muscle for knee flexion
Bicep femoris
48
Muscle for knee extension
Rectus femoris
49
Muscle for hip flexion
Psoas major
50
Muscle for hip extension
Gluteus maximus
51
Muscle for hip abduction
Gluteus medius
52
Muscle for hip adduction
Adductor longus
53
Muscle for hip IR
Tensor fasciae latae
54
Muscle for hip ER
Piriformis
55
Muscle for trunk flexion
Rectus abdominis
56
Muscle for trunk extension
Erector spinae
57
Muscle for shoulder flexion
Anterior deltoid
58
Muscle for shoulder extension
Latissimus Dorsi
59
Muscle for shoulder abduction
Trapezius
60
Muscle for shoulder adduction
Pectoralis major
61
Muscle for shoulder IR
Subscapularis
62
Muscle for shoulder ER
Infraspinatus
63
Muscle for elbow flexion
Brachialis
64
Muscle for elbow extension
Tricep brachii
65
Muscle for wrist flexion
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris/radialis
66
Muscle for wrist extension
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris/radialis
67
Muscle for ulnar deviation
Flexor & Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
68
Muscle for radial deviation
Flexor and Extensor Carpi Radialis

Kin 147 (12 decks)

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