Week 2

Question 1

What are Speech Sound Disorders?

Answer 1

1. ) Articulation
2. ) Phonological Disorders
3. ) Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Question 2

What is Articulation (phonetic)?

Answer 2

The ability to produce individual sounds by manipulation of mouth muscles.

Question 3

What is Phonology (phonological)?

Answer 3

Mastery of the rules of sounds. Knowing the rules!

Question 4

What is Standard American English (SAE)?

Answer 4

a uniform system for spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary.

Question 5

What is a Dialect?

Answer 5

Variation in the way a group of people speak from a region within a country.

Question 6

What is a foreign accent?

Answer 6

Speech characteristics are carried over from one language into another.

Question 7

What is the IPA?

Answer 7

The International Phonetic Alphabet.

Question 8

With articulatory descriptions of consonants, what is Voicing?

Answer 8

Whether or not the vocal cords are vibrating.

Question 9

With articulatory descriptions of consonants, what is Place?

Answer 9

Point of construction in the vocal tract.

Question 10

With articulatory descriptions of consonants, what is Manner?

Answer 10

How air is constructed in the vocal tract.

Question 11

What is Bilabial?

Answer 11

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced with both lips.

Question 12

What is Labiodental?

Answer 12

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced with upper teeth and lower lip.

Question 13

What is Lingualdental?

Answer 13

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced with the tongue between the teeth.

Question 14

What is Alveolar?

Answer 14

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced with the tongue tip elevated at the alveolar ridge.

Question 15

What is Palatal?

Answer 15

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced in the region of the hard palate.

Question 16

What is Velar?

Answer 16

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced in the region of the soft palate.

Question 17

What is Glottal?

Answer 17

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced at the level of the glottis.

Question 18

What are Stops?

Answer 18

Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with a complete obstruction of the vocal tract.

Question 19

What are Fricatives?

Answer 19

Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with construction or partial obstruction of the vocal tract.

Question 20

What are Affricates?

Answer 20

Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with a brief obstruction of the vocal tract and then a gradual release of the airstream.

Question 21

What are Nasals?

Answer 21

Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with the Velopharyngeal port open which allows for nasal resonance.

Question 22

What are Liquids?

Answer 22

Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with a relatively open vocal tract that is only somewhat more restricted than for valor production.

Question 23

What are Glides?

Answer 23

Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with a gliding movement of the tongue either toward a vowel or away from a vowel.

Question 24

With articulatory descriptions of vowels, what is Advancement?

Answer 24

Point of “major” construction.

Question 25

With articulatory descriptions of vowels, what is Height?

Answer 25

How "closed" or "open" the sound is.

Question 26

With articulatory descriptions of vowels, what is Lip Configuration?

Answer 26

Rounded versus retracted

Question 27

With articulatory descriptions of vowels, what is Tenseness?

Answer 27

The degree of muscle tension.

Question 28

What are phonological processes?

Answer 28

Patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify speech as they are learning to talk.

Question 29

Why do children to use phonological processes?

Answer 29

They do this because they don't have the ability to coordinate the lips, tongue, teeth, palate and jar for clear speech.

Question 30

Describe phonological processes.

Answer 30

1. ) They are systematic and predictable 2. ) They affect whole class of sounds. 3. ) Certain processes are common 4. ) Normally extinguish themselves.

Question 31

Describe the Phonological Process of Syllable Structure.

Answer 31

Sound changes that affect the syllable structure of a word.

Question 32

Describe Cluster Reduction as it pertains to the process of syllable structure.

Answer 32

Consonant clusters are simplified into a single continent. Ex.) Spoon ----- Poon

Question 33

Describe Weak Syllable Deletion as it pertains to the process of syllable structure.

Answer 33

Unstressed or weak syllable in the word is deleted. ex.) Banana ---- nana

Question 34

Describe Final Consonant Deletion as it pertains to the process of syllable structure.

Answer 34

Deletion of the final consonant of a word. ex.) Leaf --- Lea-

Question 35

Describe the phonological process of Substitution.

Answer 35

One sound is substituted for another sound in a systematic way.

Question 36

Describe Fronting as it pertains to the process of substitution.

Answer 36

Sound made in the back of the mouth (velar) is replace with the sound made in the front of the mouth (alveolar). ex.) Monkey --- Montey

Question 37

Describe Stopping as it pertains to the process of substitution.

Answer 37

Fricative and or affricate is replaced with a stop sound. ex.) Vacuum --- Bacuum

Question 38

Describe Gliding as it pertains to the process of substitution.

Answer 38

Liquid (/r/, /l/) is replaced with a glide (/w/, /j/) | ex.) Tree --- Twee

Question 39

Describe Deaffrication as it pertains to Substitution.

Answer 39

Africate is replaced with the fricative. | ex.) Watches --- Watsez

Question 40

Describe the phonological process of Assimilation (Consonant Harmony).

Answer 40

One sound becomes the same or similar to another sound in the word.

Question 41

Describe the Velar Assimilation as it pertains to assimilation.

Answer 41

Non-velar sound changes to a velar sound due to the presence of a neighboring velar sound. Ex.) Cup ---- Kuk

Question 42

Describe Nasal Assimilation as it pertains to a simulation.

Answer 42

Non-nasal sound changes to a nasal sound due to the presence of a neighboring nasal sound. ex.) Down ---- Nown

Question 43

Describe the steps in Articulation Testing.

Answer 43

1. ) Case History 2. ) Standardized Tests 3. ) Oral Mechanism Exam 4. ) Speech Language Sample 5. ) Intelligibility 6. ) Stimulability.

Question 44

What are the three different word positions?

Answer 44

Initial, medial, and final.