What does a standard deviation of 1 and 2 with regards the amount of the population?
sd1= 68% sd2= 95%
What is a z-score?
The extent to which a person deviates from the mean
What is a stadiometer used to measure?
Height
What is the average age of girls having puberty? What about boys?
11 years
11 years and 6 months
What is TCPP?
True Central Precocious Puberty- where normal pubertal development occurs abnormally early <8 girls and <9 boys.
Define pubertal delay?
Absence of secondary sexual development in a girl aged >13 or a boy aged >14
Which is more common in boys/girls= TCPP and Pubertal delay?
TCPP- >girls
Pubertal delay >boys
What is Thelarche, adrenarche and menarche?
Thelarche- breast budding
Adrenarche- pubic hair growth and odour
Menarche- menstruation begins (usually 2 years following puberty onset)
What are the three reasons that men are generally taller than women?
Boys have a greater Pubertal Height Velocity (PHV)
Boys have a delayed PHV
Boys are taller pre-puberty
If a child presents with a growth problem, what investigations might you carry out?
Bloods- growth hormone, gonadotrophins, thyroid, testosterone, oestradiol
Bone age
MRI brain, USS uterus
Dynamic function tests
What adolescent development assessment tool STEP stand for?
Sexual maturation and growth
Thinking
Education/employment
Peers/parents
What does the HEEADSSS framework for dialogue stand for?
Home? Education/employment? Eating? Activities? Drugs? Sex? Suicidality? Safety?
From which part of the embryo is the skin, hair and neural tissue derived?
Ectoderm
What is spina bifida?
A developmental defect where a baby has its spinal cord and its coverings exposed through a gap in the backbone
Why is attachment theory important?
A child’s early relationship with their primary care giver is the most important predictor of a child’s personality development.
What are the four stages of attachment proposed by Schaffer and Emerson?
Asocial stage- 0-6 weeks, crying and smiling not directed to specific people
Indiscriminate attachment- 6weeks to 7 months, attention sought from different individuals
Specific attachment- 7-11months, strong attachment to one individual, separation and stranger anxiety begins
Multiple attachment
What are the three main attachment styles?
Secure- 70%
Ambivalent attachment- 15%
Avoidant attachment- 15%
(disorganised- where exhibits a variety of styles)
Identify five categories which embrace the signs of attachment disorder
Behavioural signs emotional functioning cognitive functioning physical signs social functioning
What are the two different types of Reactive attachment disorder?
Inhibited- Inability to display appropriate selective attachments
disinhibited- fail to initiate and respond to social interactions appropriately