Week 2 - Anaesthesia & Pain

Question 1

What is general anaesthetic?

Answer 1

Reversible unconsciousness with analgesia, amnesia, muscle relaxation and depression of reflexes

Question 2

What is sedation and analgesia?

Answer 2

Provides sedation, analgesia and amnesia but consciousness is still maintained

Question 3

What is local anaesthetic?

Answer 3

Direct administration of an agent to induce absence of pain in a part of the body without depression of consciousness

Question 4

What type of applications are local anaesthetics?

Answer 4

• Topical
• Spinal and epidural
• Nerve block
• Infiltration
• Intravenous regional

Question 5

What is the half life of Alfentanil?

Answer 5

extremely short

Question 6

What is the half life of Fentanyl?

Answer 6

Short half life - 30 - 60 minutes

Question 7

What is the half life of Morphine?

Answer 7

30-60 minutes

Question 8

Nociception?

Answer 8

Perception of pain

Question 9

Nociceptors

Answer 9

Pain receptors. Bare nerve endings in skin, muscle, joints, arteries

Question 10

Pain threshold

Answer 10

• Point at which the stimulus is perceived as pain. The entry, where you start to feel the pain

Question 11

Perceptual dominance

Answer 11

Pain from one area can be overridden by pain in a different area

Question 12

Pain tolerance

Answer 12

how long you can stand the pain for

Question 13

Acute pain

Answer 13

Sudden onset. Less than 3 months

Question 14

Acute somatic

Answer 14

• Arises from connective tissue, muscle, bone and skin

Question 15

Acute Visceral

Answer 15

Pain in the internal organs and abdomen

Question 16

Referred pain

Answer 16

Pain that is present in area removed or distant from point of origin

Question 17

Chronic pain

Answer 17

Longer than 3 months. Dull and persistent.

Question 18

Nociceptive pain

Answer 18

normal pain feeling

Question 19

Psychogenic pain

Answer 19

Psychological, psychiatric or psychosocial in origin

Question 20

What are the most popular drugs for sedation?

Answer 20

Benzodiazepine

Midazolam

Question 21

The most popular local anaesthetics?

Answer 21

Lignocaine

Bupivacaine

Question 22

Specificity Theory

Answer 22

Amount of pain is related to the amount of tissue injury

Question 23

Gate Theory

Answer 23

Developed to explain the complexities of the pain phenomenon

Question 24

Opiod Reversal

Answer 24

Naloxone.

Antagonist that competitively displaces opioid analgesics from their receptor sites