Week 2: Classification

Question 1

Classification

Answer 1

Process of sorting variety of different things into manageable groups

Question 2

The study of biological classification is called

Answer 2

taxonomy or systematics

Question 3

Why is a universally accepted system of classification important?

Answer 3

so scientists can identify species based on shared characteristics

Question 4

Artificial Classification

Answer 4

sorts organisms into groups based on similar identifiable characteristics

Question 5

Artificial classification is limited. why?

Answer 5

Because characteristics are picked on the basis of similarity in function and the current characteristics organisms have.

Question 6

why are keys used in biology?

Answer 6

to categorise and identify organisms

Question 7

Dichotomous key

Answer 7

Series of statements with two choices describing a characteristic of an unidentified organism

Question 8

What does a natural classification system consider?

Answer 8

the degree of evolutionary relationships

Question 9

Natural classification organises species into groups of organisms that share characteristics from a common ancestor. What are these characteristics called?

Answer 9

Homologous characteristics

Question 10

Homologous characteristics have what?

Answer 10

underlying similarity of structure and position regardless of the function

Question 11

why are forelimbs of mammals homologous?

Answer 11

all modifications of the same structure

Question 12

Hierarchal Categories that organisms are grouped into are

Answer 12

Domain, Kindgdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and species
DUMB KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GREAT SUSHI

Question 13

Hierarchical categories; these groups are known as

Answer 13

taxa or taxonimic levels

Question 14

what is the sorting of hierarchical classification based on?

Answer 14

shared characteristics + molecular similarities

Question 15

Highest taxonomic rank are the

Answer 15

Domains

Question 16

3 domains of living things are

Answer 16

Archaea (Prokaryotes)
Bacteria (prokaryotes)
Eukarya (Eukaryotes)

Question 17

Prokaryotes in terms of domains of what kingdom?

Answer 17

Monera

Question 18

Eukarya domain is subdivided into many kingdoms including

Answer 18

Animalia (animals)
Plantae (plants)
Protista (protists)
Fungi

Question 19

How are organisms of different kingdoms distinguished?

Answer 19

using different characteristics

Question 20

plants are what type of autotrophs?

Answer 20

photosynthetic autotrophs

Question 21

Plants have organelles called chloroplast and a cell wall that consists of what?

Answer 21

cellulose

Question 22

how many estimated species of plants are there?

Answer 22

300000 including grasses, trees, bushes, mosses, ferns and vines

Question 23

how many animal species have been discovered thus far

Answer 23

over 1 million

Question 24

Fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Answer 24

eukaryotic heterotrophs

Question 25

Cell walls of fungi don't have cellulose but have

Answer 25

chitin

Question 26

Do fungi carry out photosynthesis?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

how many fungal species are there estimated to be?

Answer 27

over 5 million

Question 28

Protists eukaryotes or prokaryote?

Answer 28

eukaryote unicellular. Can be both heterotrophic and autotrophic

Question 29

Protists consist of eukaryotes that aren't plants, animal or fungi and are sometimes referred to as the

Answer 29

leftovers

Question 30

all members of phylum (phyla for plural) have a common _______ and similar ______________

Answer 30

ancestor, anatomical features

Question 31

Each phylum have how many classes?

Answer 31

one or more

Question 32

subdivision of phylums into classes are based on what?

Answer 32

similar characteristics

Question 33

class of organisms can be further subcategorised into_____ and they have more _______ characteristics than members of a class

Answer 33

orders, specific

Question 34

Members of one family have very _______ anatomical features and _______________

Answer 34

similar, behavioural characteristics

Question 35

members of one genus have shared characteristics that are

Answer 35

highly specific

Question 36

most specific ranking in the taxonomic hierarchy

Answer 36

species

Question 37

Characteristics used when classifying organisms into their grouping: are

Answer 37

Physical features, reproductive strategies, molecular sequencing

Question 38

physical features are an expression of the

Answer 38

genotype and the environment

Question 39

mammals seperated into 3 groups by reproductive strategies:

Answer 39

Placentals, Marsupials, Monotremes

Question 40

Placentals:

Answer 40

humans, cats give birth to live young where a placenta is involved to nourish the foetus

Question 41

Marsupials

Answer 41

kangaroo, wallaby young develops in pouch

Question 42

Monotremes

Answer 42

platypus, echidna lay eggs

Question 43

Dna is a molecule that consists of

Answer 43

nucleotide subunits

Question 44

order of nucleobases in a molecule of dna is called its

Answer 44

nucleic acid sequence.

Question 45

What does the nucleic acid sequence do?

Answer 45

codes for the production of an organisms protein molecules

Question 46

Most accurate way of determining how closely related two species are is to:

Answer 46

compare the molecular sequences of DNA and protein molecules between the two

Question 47

Degree of similarity of the cytochrome C protein necessary for aerobic respiration pathways between species indicate the

Answer 47

closeness of evolutionary relationships

Question 48

The sequence of Cytochrome C for humans and chimpanzees match at all

Answer 48

104 amino acid positions

Question 49

Random mutations cause changes in what?

Answer 49

nucleic acid sequence

Question 50

Mutation of DNA causes what? And the number of random mutations increase with _______

Answer 50

a corresponding change in the amino acid sequence of the protein, time

Question 51

Internationally accepted system to name organisms is the

Answer 51

binomial system of nomenclature

Question 52

The first part of the nomenclature is the

Answer 52

name of the genus

Question 53

The second part of the nomenclature specifies the

Answer 53

species

Question 54

2 rules for nomenclature binomial system writing of a scientific name:

Answer 54

The first letter of genus name - Capital letter | Names both written in italics

Question 55

Why is the nomenclature beneficial?

Answer 55

Universal language so universal collaboration No confusion between identities of two organisms for the easy identification of any new organism the names provide info about the organism and the systems ability to be updated with the discovery of new species

Question 56

reproductively isolated

Answer 56

a species inability to produce fertile offspring with another species

Question 57

2 isolating reproductive mechanisms are

Answer 57

Pre zygotic Mechanisms (prevention of mating from occurring) | Post zygotic Mechanisms (prevent offspring from being viable)

Question 58

Pre zygotic mechanisms include

Answer 58

geographical separation different mating calls + rituals use of pheromones to attract the opposite sex The difference in flower shape or genitalia different seasons or times for reproduction the inability of sperm to survive in the reproductive system incompatibility of gametes pollen tubes unable to grow towards ovules in a flower

Question 59

Post zygotic mechanisms include

Answer 59

Zygote failing to develop young failing to reach sexual maturity by dying infertile offspring