WEEK 2- COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT USED IN MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY

Question 1

optical instrument that enlarges images of very small objects that cannot be seen
by the eyes.

Answer 1

MICROSCOPE

Question 2

A pressure chamber used to sterilize glass wares and other supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam

Answer 2

AUTOCLAVE

Question 3

what is the saturated steam temperature needed in an autoclave to sterilize, and for how long?

Answer 3

121 C and 15-20 minutes

Question 4

this is used to take microbiological cultures. They are swabbed onto or into the affected area, then wiped across the culture medium where the bacteria from the swab may grow

Answer 4

COTTON SWAB

Question 5

used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures

Answer 5

INCUBATOR

Question 6

what are the other names for a petri dish?

Answer 6

petri plate or cell-culture dish

Question 7

these are sterile plates used to contain media for bacterial growth

Answer 7

PETRI DISH

Question 8

what are the other terms used for inoculation loop

Answer 8

SMEAR LOOP or MICROSTREAKER

Question 9

a simple tool used to retrieve an inoculum from a culture of microorganisms, also used to transfer microorganisms

Answer 9

INOCULATION LOOP

Question 10

this is where the specimen is placed

Answer 10

GLASS SLIDE

Question 11

this is placed over the sample (in a glass slide) in order to keep the sample off the objective lens

Answer 11

COVER SLIP

Question 12

this is a slender container usually made of glass or plastic. It can contain both liquid and solid sterilized media for culturing bacteria.

Answer 12

TEST TUBE

Question 13

usually made of plastic or glass, that is used to accurately measure volumes of liquid

Answer 13

GRADUATED CYLINDER

Question 14

it is a source of heat and can be used to sterilize an inoculation loop

Answer 14

ALCOHOL LAMP

Question 15

an instrument used to estimate a liquid culture’s density of microorganisms by counting individual colonies on an agar plate, slide or petri dish

Answer 15

COLONY COUNTER

Question 16

used to transport a measured volume of liquid, it can measure a smaller volume starting at 1 microliter

Answer 16

MICROPIPETTE

Question 17

used to measure and transfer small quantities of liquid

Answer 17

DROPPER

Question 18

other term for biosafety cabinet

Answer 18

BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET

Question 19

this is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safety working with materials contaminated with pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level

Answer 19

BIOSAFETY CABINET

Question 20

one of the most important pieces of equipment used in the laboratory

Answer 20

MICROSCOPE

Question 21

most commonly used microscope

Answer 21

COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

Question 22

what are the two lens systems used in a compound microscope?

Answer 22

OBJECTIVE LENSES (OBJECTIVES) AND OCULAR LENSES (OCULARS, EYEPIECE)

Question 23

what type of image does an objective lens produce?

Answer 23

REAL IMAGE

Question 24

this is a magnified image of a specimen produced by the objectives

Answer 24

REAL IMAGE

Question 25

this magnifies the real image

Answer 25

OCULAR LENSES

Question 26

THE MAGNIFIED IMAGE OF A REAL IMAGE IS WHAT?

Answer 26

RETINAL IMAGE

Question 27

the framework includes an ____ and a ____

Answer 27

ARM & BASE

Question 28

The base houses a _____ which illuminates the specimen

Answer 28

LIGHT SOURCE

Question 29

what is the light source usually made out of?

Answer 29

INCANDESCENT OR TUNGSTEN BULB

Question 30

a platform upon which the slide is placed for observation

Answer 30

STAGE

Question 31

a small _____ located in the center of the stage allows light rays from the light source to reach the specimen and small clips secure the slide

Answer 31

APERTURE

Question 32

what does the lens system consist of?

Answer 32

condenser, ocular lens and objective lenses

Question 33

focuses light on the specimen and fills the lens with light. It is a movable lens located beneath the stage and it is attached to the iris diaphragm which resembles the shutter of a camera in structure and function

Answer 33

CONDENSER

Question 34

controls the amount of light passing through the stage aperture to the specimen

Answer 34

IRIS DIAPHRAGM

Question 35

both the ____ and ___ regulate light from the light source

Answer 35

CONDENSER and DIAPHRAGM

Question 36

this is the lens located closest to the eye

Answer 36

OCULAR LENS

Question 37

what is the magnification of the ocular lens?

Answer 37

10x

Question 38

this includes the three objectives located on a rotating nosepiece

Answer 38

OBJECTIVE LENSES

Question 39

name the three objective lenses

Answer 39

LPO- Low power objective HPO- high power objective OIO- oil immersion objective

Question 40

this type of objective lens is used for all types of specimen and it allows for rapid location of the specimen

Answer 40

LPO- LOW POWER OBJECTIVE

Question 41

used to locate and focus bacterial smears before proceeding to observe with OIO

Answer 41

HPO- HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE

Question 42

other terms you can use interchangeably with HPO

Answer 42

HIGH DRY OBJECTIVE OR HIGH POWER

Question 43

this objective lens has the highest magnification

Answer 43

OIO- OIL IMMERSION OBJECTIVE

Question 44

this holds the objective lenses in place

Answer 44

REVOLVING NOSEPIECE

Question 45

this is the source of light

Answer 45

ILLUMINATOR

Question 46

the compound microscope provides ____, that is once the specimen is in focus with the LPO, it will almost bein in focus when changing to HPO or OIO

Answer 46

PARFOCAL VIEWING

Question 47

Rapid movement over a large distance to locate the specimen and used for initial focusing

Answer 47

COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB

Question 48

discreet movement over a short distance to locate the specimen, used to sharpen the image

Answer 48

FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB

Question 49

the distance between the specimens and the bottom of the objective

Answer 49

WORKING DISTANCE

Question 50

TRUE OR FALSE: the greater the magnifying power of the objective, the shorter its working distance

Answer 50

TRUE

Question 51

this is the ability of the microscope to distinguish fine details

Answer 51

RESOLVING POWER

Question 52

____ can distinguish one dot from another as long as the dots are separated by a distance of at least 0.1mm

Answer 52

HUMAN EYE

Question 53

the ocular lens and objective lenses contribute to the ____ of the specimen

Answer 53

TOTAL MAGNIFICATION

Question 54

how do you obtain the total magnification?

Answer 54

multiply ocular magnification by magnification of the objective- 10x(ocular lens) 10x LPO- 40x HPO-OIO (100x)

Question 55

what is the magnification of LPO?

Answer 55

10X

Question 56

what is the total magnification of LPO

Answer 56

100x

Question 57

what is the magnification of HPO

Answer 57

40x

Question 58

what is the total magnification of the HPO

Answer 58

400x

Question 59

what is the magnification of OIO?

Answer 59

100x

Question 60

what is the total magnification of OIO?

Answer 60

1000x

Question 61

all non-glass surfaces can be cleaned using what?

Answer 61

SOFT CLOTH, GAUZE OR COMMERCIAL WIPES

Question 62

the lenses are cleaned with what?

Answer 62

SPECIAL PAPER OR LENS TISSUE

Question 63

WHAT LENS SHOULD YOU WIPE FIRST? AND THEN WHAT ORDER?

Answer 63

OCULAR LENS FIRST, THEN ALL THE OBJECTIVE LENSES LEAVING OIO LAST

Question 64

why do we clean the OIO last?

Answer 64

to avoid carrying oil to other lenses

Question 65

what can be done with the residual oil in OIO?

Answer 65

use small amount of lens cleaner to remove the excess residual immersion oil

Question 66

how should you transport the microscope?

Answer 66

hold it in an upright position using two hands, firmly hold the arm of the microscope with one hand while stabilizing the base with the other