Week 2 - Dry room

Question 1

what are the main parts of the mandible?

Answer 1

condylar process 
coronoid process 
mandibular foramen 
mental foramen 
mental protuberance 
incisive fossa 
angle of mandible

Question 2

how many deciduous teeth do you have ?

Answer 2

20 in total
8 incisors
4 canines
8 molars

Question 3

how many permanent teeth do you have?

Answer 3

32 in total
8 incisors 
4 canines 
8 pre molars 
12 molars

Question 4

what nerve enters the mandibular foramen?

Answer 4

inferior alevolar nerve - branch of the trigeminal

Question 5

what is the course of the inferior alveolar nerve?

Answer 5

trigeminal goes through foramen ovale
a branch- inferior angular nerve enters the mandibular foramen
gives off branches in the mandibular canal along the teeth - giving sensation to the teeth
gives off a branch -mental nerve - which comes out of the mental foramen

Question 6

what nerve exits through the mental foramen?

Answer 6

mental nerve

Question 7

what type of joint is temporomandibular joint?

Answer 7

synovial hinge

Question 8

what articulates to form the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 8

condylar process and mandible

mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Question 9

what movements occur at the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 9

protrusion 
retraction 
elevation 
depression 
side to side movements

Question 10

what are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 10

temporalis muscle
masseter
medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

Question 11

where would you find the medial and lateral pterygoidei muscles?

Answer 11

lateral goes towards the mastoid process

medial is deep and parallel to the master muscle

Question 12

what is characteristic of the muscles fibres of the temporals muscle?

Answer 12

posterior fibres run almost horizontally

anterior fibres run almost vertically

Question 13

what are the bony attachments of the master muscle?

Answer 13

the zygomatic arch
the coronoid process of the mandible
(also goes over the arch of the mandible)

Question 14

where do the medial and lateral pterygoidei muscles attach in the skull?

Answer 14

they both attach to the lateral pterygoidei plates of the sphenoid bone

Question 15

what is the inferior and superior alveolar nerves branch’s of?

Answer 15

superior = maxillary V2
inferior = mandibular V3

Question 16

what are the attachments of the medial pterygoid muscle?

Answer 16

medial surface of the lateral pterygoidei plate of sphenoid bone
inner surface of the mandible

Question 17

what are the attachments of the later pterygoid muscle?

Answer 17

lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
enters into the joint capsule of the TMJ to insert onto the neck of the mandible and the articular disc

Question 18

what is responsible for depression of the mandible?

Answer 18

supra hyoid strap muscles

Question 19

what are the supra hyoid strap muscles?

Answer 19

myelohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid
anterior and posterior belly of diagastric

Question 20

what is responsible for side to side movements of the mandible?

Answer 20

medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

Question 21

what is responsible for protrusion of the mandible ?

Answer 21

lateral pterygoid

Question 22

what is responsible for retraction of the mandible?

Answer 22

posterior fibres temporalis

Question 23

what is responsible for elevation of the mandible?

Answer 23

anterior fibres of temporalis
medial pterygoid
masseter

Question 24

where does the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular branches of the trigeminal exit the cranial cavity?

Answer 24

ophthalmic - superior orbital fissure
maxillary - foramen rotundum
mandibular - foramen ovale

Question 25

what supplies muscles of mastication?

Answer 25

mandibular branch of trigeminal

Question 26

what provides motor and sensory innervation to the muscles of mastication?

Answer 26

mandibular branch of trigeminal is the only branch of CN V which carries both sensory and motor fibres

Question 27

what provides sensation to the upper and lower teeth ?

Answer 27

upper teeth in the maxilla - superior alveolar nerve (branch of maxilla V2) lower teeth in mandible - inferior alveolar nerve (branch of mandibular nerve V3)

Question 28

what nerve lies medial to the inferior angular nerve?

Answer 28

lingual nerve

Question 29

where does the mandibular nerve give off its motor branches to supply muscles of mastication?

Answer 29

in the infra temporal fossa

Question 30

what is the defined as the space between the lips and cheek & teeth and gengiva ?

Answer 30

the vestibule | space between cheeks and gums

Question 31

what is the muscle which lies on the lateral walls of the oral cavity? and what nerve is it supplied by?

Answer 31

the buccinator | supplied by facial nerve

Question 32

what two bones form the hard palate?

Answer 32

palatine process of maxillary bone | horizontal plates of palatine bone

Question 33

what forms the roof of the mouth?

Answer 33

the hard palate

Question 34

name 5 muscles of the soft palate.

Answer 34

``` tensor veli palatini levator veli palatini palatoglossus palatopharyngeus superior pharyngeal constrictor ```

Question 35

what is the nerve supply of the soft palate muscles?

Answer 35

pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve CN X

Question 36

what forms the anterior border of the oropharynx?

Answer 36

the right and left palatoglossal arches

Question 37

what are the 2 main arches found in the oral cavity?

Answer 37

palatoglossal arch | palatopharyngeal arch

Question 38

what is found attached to the back of the tongue ?

Answer 38

lingual tonsil

Question 39

where does the palatoglossus extend to and from?

Answer 39

extends from the uvula of the soft palate to the tip of the epiglossus (anterior to the palatopharyngeus)

Question 40

what is the uvula formed from?

Answer 40

the soft palate

Question 41

what muscles are responsible for changing shape of the tongue?

Answer 41

intrinsic muscles

Question 42

what muscles are responsible for changing position of the tongue?

Answer 42

extrinsic

Question 43

what divides the tongue into anterior 2/3rds and posterior 1/3rds?

Answer 43

v shaped sulcus called sulcus terminals

Question 44

what are the different papillae found on the tongue?

Answer 44

vallate papillae found in a row just anterior to the sulcus terminals (round shaped) fungiform spread diffusely filiform found at the front (doesn't have taste buds)

Question 45

what are the surface elevations found in the back of the tongue?

Answer 45

lingual tonsils - formed from lymphatic tissue

Question 46

what fixed the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

Answer 46

lingual frenulum

Question 47

what nerve supplies motor innervation to the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 47

hypoglossal nerve | except the palatoglossus (innervated by pharyngeal plexus - CN X)

Question 48

what supplies sensory innervation to the tongue?

Answer 48

anterior - mandibular V3 & chord typani (branch of facial) posterior - glossopharyngeal CN IX (both general and special sensory)

Question 49

what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 49

genioglossus hyoglossus styloglossus palatoglossus

Question 50

what does the styloglossal muscle attach to?

Answer 50

styloid process

Question 51

what does the hyoglossus attach to?

Answer 51

the hyoid bone

Question 52

what nerves supply the parotid, submandibular and submental salivary glands?

Answer 52

parotid = glossopharyngeal CN IX | submandibular & submental = facial nerve CN VII

Question 53

what is the point where the tongue and epiglottis meet?

Answer 53

vallecula

Question 54

what nerve runs along side the inferior alveolar and is it medial or lateral? what does this nerve supply?

Answer 54

lingual nerve (also branch of V3) runs medially supplies general sensation to anterior of the tongue