Week 2 - Growth & Development Flashcards

Question

**Erickson's Devleopmental Theory by the ages** (5 total ages) | **KNOW THESE!!!!**

Answer 1

* **Birth - 1** = **Trust** vs. **Mistrust** * **1 - 3** = **Autonomy** vs. **Shame/Doubt** * **3 - 6** = **Initiative** vs. **Guilt** * **6 - 12** = **Industry** vs. **Inferiority** * **12 - 18** = **Identity** vs. **Role Confusion**

Answer 2

**Birth - 1 = Trust vs. Mistrust** * In first year, the infant has to learn to establish trust with caregiver. * If the infants needs are not met, then they will develop mistrust of others

Answer 3

**3-6 = Initiative vs. Guilt** * *The young child initiates new activities & ideas. They want to explore the world & develop purpose.* ## Footnote * If the child is criticized, they will develop *guilt*

Answer 4

**6-12 = Industry vs. Inferiority** * The middle years of childhood are characterized by *development of new interest & activities.* The *child takes pride in accomplishments* such as sports or clubs. ## Footnote * If the child feels they don't meet expectations, they will have a sense of inferiority

Answer 5

**12 - 18 = Identity vs. Role Confusion** * During adolescence, the *body matures* & *thought processes become more complex*. A *new sense of self develops*. ## Footnote * *An adolescent who cannot develop a meaningful definition of self will expereince confusion in one or more roles of life.*

Answer 6

**Sensorimotor (0-2)** * Infant has basic reflexes & begins to construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical action **Preoperational (2-7)** * Child begins to represent the world with words & images -- increase in symbolic thinking from just sensory & physical actions **Concrete Operational (7-11)** * Child can now reason logically about concrete events **Formal Operational (11-15)** * Teen now can reason more with logical & abstract thought

Answer 7

* **Oral = 0-1** (oral activities like sucking, tasting, etc.) * **Anal = 1-3** (focus on controlling bowels / bladder = potty training) * **Phallic = 3-6** (focus on genitals & differences between sexes) * **Latent = 6-12** (peers / social relationships & gender roles) * **Genital = 12+** (sexual desires & urges directed toward others)

Answer 8

* **Infancy =** solitary play * **Toddler =** parallel play * **Pre-Schooler =** dramatic & associative play * **School-Aged =** cooperative play

Answer 9

**QUANTitative** related to **physical size or measurement** ## Footnote A quantitative increase in physical size or measurement

Answer 10

**QUALitative** related to **capability or function** ## Footnote A qualitative increase in capability or function

Answer 11

* **Growth = physical size & QUANtitative changes** * *Development = capabilities or functions*

Answer 12

**Growth from the head down** * infants learn head control before learning to sit ## Footnote * turning & lifting the head to breastfeed starting as a newborn - since neck & shoulder muscles develop before muscles of the lower limbs

Answer 13

**Growth from the center of the body outward** * infants can control their trunk before they master fine motor movements ## Footnote * infants can control their hands before they can control their fingers

Answer 14

**CLASSIFICATION** * **M**y * **S**exy * **G**irl * **I**n * **R**ed **BEHAVIOR** * **H**e * **W**ill * **P**robably * **C**ome * **F**ast

Answer 15

**M**y **S**exy **G**irl **I**n **R**ed

Answer 16

**H**e **--** Hope * hope & optimism **W**ill **--** Will * will use freedom & autonomy **P**robably **--** Purpose * purpose + ability to start activities & goals **C**ome **--** Competence * competence in intellectual, social, & physical skills **F**ast **--** Fidelity * fitting into the world as your own person

Answer 17

**0 - 1 Year --> Mistrust vs. Trust --> Hope (& optimism)** * rely on & establish trust w/ caregivers **1 - 3 Years --> Shame vs. Autonomy --> Will (use freedom & self-restraint)** * learning independence & controlling body secretions, saying no, & playing * if overly criticized they may **3 - 6 Years --> Guilt vs. Initiative --> Purpose (ability to start goals & activities)** * exploring the world; new activities & goals **6 - 12 Years --> Industry vs. Inferiority --> Competence (in intellectual, social, & physical skills)** * develop new interests & hobbies; take pride in their accomplishments (including sports / clubs) **12 - 18 Years --> Role Confusion vs. Identity --> Fidelity (fitting into world as own person)** * mature body & thought process; *sense of self* / fitting into the world ## Footnote **M**y **S**exy **G**irl **I**n **R**ed **H**e **W**ill **P**robably **C**ome **F**ast

Answer 18

**1.)** Sensorimotor **2.)** Preoperational **3.)** Concrete Operational **4.)** Formal Operational

Answer 19

**Sensorimotor = 0 - 2 Years** * basic reflexes * constructs world view with *sensory experiences & physical action*

Answer 20

**Preoperational = 2 - 7 years** * represetns world with *images* * increases *symbolic thinking*

Answer 21

**Concrete Operational = 7 - 11 years** * can logically reason about concrete ideas

Answer 22

**Formal Operational = 11 - 15 years** * reason with logic & abstract thoughts

Answer 23

Interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing understandings (schemas)

Answer 24

Adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

Answer 25

* **gains 140 - 200 grams/week** * *holds hand in fist* * *alerts to high-pitched voice* * *comforts with touch* * **follows objects in line of vision**

Answer 26

* **posterior fontanelles close** * holds rattle & objects when placed in hand * **can turn from side to back & then return** * brings hands to midline * **Decrease head lag** (neck strength) **when pulled to sitting position** * **When prone, holds head & supports weight on forearms** ## Footnote *Assessment based on:* * height / weight * teeth * walking / talking abiltiies

Answer 27

* **2x birth weight by 6 months** * holds bottle * teeth may begin erupting by 6 months * **palmar grasp begins** * turns from abdomen to back by 6 months * when held, standing supports much of own weight * **No head lag when sitting**

Answer 28

**4-6 months**

Answer 29

* **Growth rate slows after first 6 months** * inborn reflexes extinguished * **Beginning of pincer grasp** (pinch something between 2 fingers) * **Sits alone without support at 8 months** * **recognizes own name & responds**

Answer 30

* **Use pincer grasp well** * Crawls or pulls whole body along floor * **Pulls self up to standing** (10 monnths) * **Understands simple words** (yes, no, etc.) * **May say one word in addition to "mama" or "dada"**

Answer 31

* **3x birth weight by 1 year** * May hold crayon or pencil & make marks on paper * **Stands alone** * Plays peek-a-boo & patty cake * **Walks holding onto furniture**

Answer 32

* **Anterior Fontanelle Closes (12 - 18 months)** * by age 2, builds tower with 4 blocks * shows growing ability to walk & walk with ease ## Footnote *Assessments based on:* * verbal ability & skill * walking * teeth eruption * elimination control * increasing independence

Answer 33

* **Learning to dress elf** * **Jumps** * draws circle & other rudimentary forms

Answer 34

* **Brushes teeth** * **Uses a spoon, fork, & knife** * **Eats 3 meals w/ snacks** * **Rides a bike** * **Associative Play:** simple games, puzzles, nursery rhymes, songs * **Dramatic Play:** dolls & doll clothes, playing house & hospitals, dress-up clothes, puppets ## Footnote *Assessment based on:* * preoperational thought * dramatic play * curiousity about environment

Answer 35

**3 - 6 years -- engage in separate activities but exchange toys & comment on one another's behavior**

Answer 36

**3 - 6 years -- imitate real-life situations** (acting) * house * dolls * dress-up

Answer 37

* **Rides a 2 wheeler bike** * Jumps rope * Roller skates or ice skaes * **Can read** * Able to concentrate for longer periods on activities by filtering out surrounding sounds * **Sense of industry fostered by playing a musical instrument, starting hobbies, playing board & video games** * assess child's knowledge *before* teaching * mature use of language

Answer 38

* **Some lack coordination (common during growth spurt)** * New sport / muscle development continues * Variation in age of growth spurts * **Increasing communication & time with peers = driving, eating out, movies, dances, sport events** * **Applying abstract thought & analysis in conversations** ## Footnote *Assessments based on:* * identity formation * sexual maturity * thought process * importance of peer/romantic relationships * knowledge of privacy / confidentiality / honesty to gain trust

Answer 39

**Infant & toddlers plays alone** * begins in infancy; common in toddlers ## Footnote * infants learn through feel & sound

Answer 40

**Toddlers play side-by-side without interacting** ## Footnote * toddler's motor skills develop & peak interest in toy vacuums, hammers, kitchen utensils, etc.

Answer 41

**Preschoolers, School Age, & Adolescents play with one another** such as in **team sports** ## Footnote * adolescent activity in which children actually play with one another & ability to play as part of a unified whole

Answer 42

**The matter of thinking, behaving, or reacting as a characteristic of an individual** * **3 Patterns** (of temperment) * easy * difficult * slow to warm up

Answer 43

* Regular patterns of eating, sleeping, & eliminating * adapts to new situations * accepts rules * works well with others

Answer 44

* **Irregular pattern** / schedules of eating, sleeping, & elimination * **adapts slowly to new persons & situations** * Predominantly **negative mood** * **Intense reactions** to environments

Answer 45

* **Initial withdrawal, followed by gradual, slow interaction with environemnt** * **adapts slowly to new situations** * reacts mildly to environment

Answer 46

The match between a child's temperment & the environmental demands (parents) the child must cope with