week 2 infection control

Question 1

what is an infection

Answer 1

is the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues which may be unapparent or the result of local cellular injury

Question 2

categories of pathogens

Answer 2

parasitic or protozoal infections
fungal infections
bacterial infections
viral infection

Question 3

what are some descriptors of infections

Answer 3

endemic infection
epidemic infection
pandemic infection

Question 4

what is the chain of infection

Answer 4

pathogen 
susceptible host
reservoir
portal of exit 
mode of transmission
portal of entry

Question 5

consequence of uncontrolled infection

Answer 5

septic shock
multi system failure
death

Question 6

who are at greater risk for infection

Answer 6

very young
poor
residents of geographic areas where an infection is prevalent

Question 7

what is the most common infection screening

Answer 7

STI

tuberculosis

Question 8

what is symptomatic

Answer 8

if pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms

Question 9

what is asymptomatic

Answer 9

if clinical signs an symptoms are not present the illness

Question 10

what is the most important technique in preventing and controlling transmission of infection

Answer 10

hand hygiene

Question 11

what is immunocompromised

Answer 11

means having an impaired immune system

Question 12

what is virulence

Answer 12

is the ability to produce disease

Question 13

what is aerobic bacteria

Answer 13

require oxygen for survival and for multiplication sufficient to cause disease

Question 14

what is anaerobic bacteria

Answer 14

thrive where little or no free oxygen is available

Question 15

what is bacteriostasis

Answer 15

prevention of growth and reproduction of bacteria

Question 16

what is bactericidal

Answer 16

destructive to bacteria

Question 17

what are the 4 stages of infectious process

Answer 17

incubation period
prodromal stage
illness stage
convalescence

Question 18

what does normal flora of the body help with

Answer 18

to resist infection by releasing antibacterial substance and inhibiting multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms

Question 19

who are at greater risk of HAI

Answer 19

multiple ilnesses
older adults
poorly nourished
lowered resistance to infection

Question 20

what is iatrogenic

Answer 20

health care associated infection from a procedure

Question 21

what is exogenous

Answer 21

health care associated infection from microorganisms outside the individual

Question 22

what is endogenous

Answer 22

health care associated infection when the patients flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results

Question 23

what are the major sites for HAI infections

Answer 23

surgical or traumatic wounds
urinary and respiratory tracts
bloodstream

Question 24

what is asepsis

Answer 24

absence of pathogenic microorganisms

Question 25

what is aseptic technique

Answer 25

practices/procedures that assist in reducing the risk for infection

Question 26

what is medical asepsis

Answer 26

includes procedures for reducing the # of organisms present and preventing the transfer of organism

Question 27

what is surgical asepsis

Answer 27

prevents contamination of an open wound, serves to isolate the operative area from the unsterile environment, and maintains a sterile field for surgery

Question 28

what is disinfection

Answer 28

a process that eliminates many or all microorganisms with the exception of bacterial spores, from inamimate objects

Question 29

what is sterilization

Answer 29

the complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms including spores