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maternity / OB > week 2 lecture > Flashcards

week 2 lecture Flashcards

1
Q

define gravidity

A

number of pregnancies

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2
Q

define parity

A

number of births

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3
Q

GTPAL

A

gravida
term
pre-term
abortion
living

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4
Q

pre-term

A

20 weeks - 37 weeks

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5
Q

late pre-term

A

32 weeks - 36 weeks and 6 days

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6
Q

early term

A

37 weeks - 38 weeks and 6 days

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7
Q

full term

A

39 weeks - 40 weeks and 6 days

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8
Q

late term

A

41 weeks - 41 weeks and 6 days

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9
Q

post term

A

42 weeks - 42 weeks and 6 days

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10
Q

viability

A

how viable to fetus is during 22-25 weeks

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11
Q

Nagele’s rule

A

estimates due date (date of delivery)

LMP (last mensuration) - 3 months + 7 days

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12
Q

what is the most definitive way of calculating due dates?

A

ultrasound

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13
Q

characteristics of pregnancy tests

A

measure HCG

alisa-assay test is the most common type of at-home pregnancy test

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14
Q

how to HCG produced

A

production is stimulated from the placenta by estrogen and HPL

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15
Q

what is a presumptive sign of pregnancy

A

signs and symptoms the mother perceives

why the mother thinks they are pregnant

subjective

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16
Q

examples of presumptive signs

A

breast enlargement

frequent urination

missed period (amenorrhea)

nausea and vomiting

fatigue

quickening - perceived fetal movement

spotting

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17
Q

define amenorrhea

A

missed period

absence of mensuration

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18
Q

define quickening

A

perceived fetal movement

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19
Q

what is a probable sign of pregnancy

A

physical signs

more objective

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20
Q

examples of probable signs of pregnancy

A

goodell sign

chadwich sign

hegar sign

positive serum pregnancy test

positive urine pregnancy test

braxton hicks contractions

ballottement

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21
Q

define goodell sign

A

softening of cervix

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22
Q

define chadwich sign

A

bluish mucosa membranes of the vagina, cervix, and vulva

23
Q

define hegar sign

A

the softening of the isthmus of the uterus

24
Q

define braxton hicks contractions

A

mild painless contractions

25
Q

define ballottement

A

passive fetal movement in response to tapping of the lower portion of the uterus or cervix

26
Q

what are positive signs of pregnancy

A

definite signs

confirms that the pt is pregnancy

attributes of the fetus

27
Q

examples of positive positive signs of pregnancy

A

visualization of a fetus by real-time ultrasound examination

fetal heat tones detected by ultrasounds

visualization of the fetus by radiographic study

fetal heart tones detected by a doppler ultrasound stethoscope or fetal stethoscope

fetal movement palpated by the examiner

fetal movement visible by the examiner

28
Q

priority lab tests

A

HCG trends

trend should be rising

low trend can indicate the fetus is not viable

very high trends can indicate twins

29
Q

reproductive adaptations to pregnancy

A

uterus gets bigger and becomes more vascular in response to hormonal changes

relaxin causes cartilage in the pelvis to relax so the pelvis can widen as the fetus grows

30
Q

what does a boggy fundus indicate?

A

hemorrhage

31
Q

when does the “baby bump” develop

A

around 14 weeks

32
Q

braxton hicks vs real contractions

A

braxton hicks - random, no pattern

real contractions - regular, increasing in intensity, decreasing in duration

33
Q

way to alleviate braxton hicks contractions

A

drink water
pee
rest
put feet up

34
Q

cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy

A

hemodilution - increased blood volume caused by increased plasma levels

blood volume increased by 1200-1500 CCs

decreased H+H causes anemia

5-6x increased risk for developing blood clots because of slower blood circulation

heart is anatomically elevated and pushed to the left

HR increases by 15-20 BPM initially, but then returns to normal

mostly no change in BP

increased cardiac output of 30-50%

supine hypotension

edema

increased venous pressure leads to varicose veins and hemorrhoids

35
Q

characteristics of anemia pregnancy

A

S+S - fatigue, dizziness, SOB

need to ensure the baby is getting enough iron

iron supplements can increase constipation

36
Q

treatments for constipation

A

increase fiber
increase fluids
keep active

37
Q

major indicator for preeclampsia

A

hypertension (140/90)

38
Q

characteristics of supine hypotension

A

uterus presses down on aorta and vena cava when pt is supine

never take a BP when pt is lying down

slowly go from supine to sitting up to prevent balance issues and dizziness

prevent by having pt lie left lateral recumbent

39
Q

concerns with edema

A

edema is a concern is there is sudden onset in the face or hands

unilateral edema could be caused by a blood clot. it is important to compare both sides during inspection/assessment

40
Q

what conditions are caused by increased venous pressure

A

hemorrhoids

varicose veins

41
Q

respiratory adaptations to pregnancy

A

SOB could indicate PE

capillaries in respiratory system becomes engorged and causes edema

increase immune response causes inflammation

common to get bronchitis, URI, and sinus congestion

helps to sleep with a humidifier

uterus presses on diaphragm and causes SOB

more chest breathing

“blow out a candle” engages the diaphragm

42
Q

define linea nigra

A

vertical line down the middle of the pt’s abdomen

43
Q

define striae

A

stretch marks

seen on the abdomen, hips, breast, and thighs

44
Q

define chloasma

A

mask of pregnancy

hyperpigmentation in cheeks, forehead, and nose

can cause impaired self-esteem

45
Q

changes in hair and nails

A

during pregnancy hair and nails grow long and thick

post-partum hair falls out

46
Q

define palms erythema

A

palms get red

47
Q

musculoskeletal adaptation to pregnancy

A

relaxin relaxes cartilage and ligaments

lordosis (causes lower back pain)

different center of gravity causes fall risk

promote yoga and stretches

48
Q

define diastasis recti

A

separation of the rectus abdominal muscle, leading to flaccidity of the abdominal area after birth

49
Q

GI adaptations to pregnancy

A

slowed motility and gastric emptying

acid reflux and constipation are common

food eversion

hyperemesis gravida

pica

encourage eating small frequent meals

50
Q

define food eversion

A

avoiding certain foods

51
Q

define hyperemesis gravida

A

can’t keep any food down

pt might be hospitalized

52
Q

define pica

A

cravings for things that aren’t foods

usually means there is something nutritionally missing

53
Q

renal adaptations to pregnancy

A

increase urine output

relaxin dilates ureters

increased GFR but slower flow

high risk for UTIs

pyelonephritis

nocturia

increased urination frequency

uterus presses on bladder which prevents bladder expansion

54
Q

define pyelonephritis

A

high risk for kidney infection

maternity / OB (1 decks)

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