week 2 lecture

Question 1

define gravidity

Answer 1

number of pregnancies

Question 2

define parity

Answer 2

number of births

Question 3

GTPAL

Answer 3

gravida
term
pre-term
abortion
living

Question 4

pre-term

Answer 4

20 weeks - 37 weeks

Question 5

late pre-term

Answer 5

32 weeks - 36 weeks and 6 days

Question 6

early term

Answer 6

37 weeks - 38 weeks and 6 days

Question 7

full term

Answer 7

39 weeks - 40 weeks and 6 days

Question 8

late term

Answer 8

41 weeks - 41 weeks and 6 days

Question 9

post term

Answer 9

42 weeks - 42 weeks and 6 days

Question 10

viability

Answer 10

how viable to fetus is during 22-25 weeks

Question 11

Nagele’s rule

Answer 11

estimates due date (date of delivery)

LMP (last mensuration) - 3 months + 7 days

Question 12

what is the most definitive way of calculating due dates?

Answer 12

ultrasound

Question 13

characteristics of pregnancy tests

Answer 13

measure HCG

alisa-assay test is the most common type of at-home pregnancy test

Question 14

how to HCG produced

Answer 14

production is stimulated from the placenta by estrogen and HPL

Question 15

what is a presumptive sign of pregnancy

Answer 15

signs and symptoms the mother perceives

why the mother thinks they are pregnant

subjective

Question 16

examples of presumptive signs

Answer 16

breast enlargement

frequent urination

missed period (amenorrhea)

nausea and vomiting

fatigue

quickening - perceived fetal movement

spotting

Question 17

define amenorrhea

Answer 17

missed period

absence of mensuration

Question 18

define quickening

Answer 18

perceived fetal movement

Question 19

what is a probable sign of pregnancy

Answer 19

physical signs

more objective

Question 20

examples of probable signs of pregnancy

Answer 20

goodell sign

chadwich sign

hegar sign

positive serum pregnancy test

positive urine pregnancy test

braxton hicks contractions

ballottement

Question 21

define goodell sign

Answer 21

softening of cervix

Question 22

define chadwich sign

Answer 22

bluish mucosa membranes of the vagina, cervix, and vulva

Question 23

define hegar sign

Answer 23

the softening of the isthmus of the uterus

Question 24

define braxton hicks contractions

Answer 24

mild painless contractions

Question 25

define ballottement

Answer 25

passive fetal movement in response to tapping of the lower portion of the uterus or cervix

Question 26

what are positive signs of pregnancy

Answer 26

definite signs confirms that the pt is pregnancy attributes of the fetus

Question 27

examples of positive positive signs of pregnancy

Answer 27

visualization of a fetus by real-time ultrasound examination fetal heat tones detected by ultrasounds visualization of the fetus by radiographic study fetal heart tones detected by a doppler ultrasound stethoscope or fetal stethoscope fetal movement palpated by the examiner fetal movement visible by the examiner

Question 28

priority lab tests

Answer 28

HCG trends trend should be rising low trend can indicate the fetus is not viable very high trends can indicate twins

Question 29

reproductive adaptations to pregnancy

Answer 29

uterus gets bigger and becomes more vascular in response to hormonal changes relaxin causes cartilage in the pelvis to relax so the pelvis can widen as the fetus grows

Question 30

what does a boggy fundus indicate?

Answer 30

hemorrhage

Question 31

when does the "baby bump" develop

Answer 31

around 14 weeks

Question 32

braxton hicks vs real contractions

Answer 32

braxton hicks - random, no pattern real contractions - regular, increasing in intensity, decreasing in duration

Question 33

way to alleviate braxton hicks contractions

Answer 33

drink water pee rest put feet up

Question 34

cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy

Answer 34

hemodilution - increased blood volume caused by increased plasma levels blood volume increased by 1200-1500 CCs decreased H+H causes anemia 5-6x increased risk for developing blood clots because of slower blood circulation heart is anatomically elevated and pushed to the left HR increases by 15-20 BPM initially, but then returns to normal mostly no change in BP increased cardiac output of 30-50% supine hypotension edema increased venous pressure leads to varicose veins and hemorrhoids

Question 35

characteristics of anemia pregnancy

Answer 35

S+S - fatigue, dizziness, SOB need to ensure the baby is getting enough iron iron supplements can increase constipation

Question 36

treatments for constipation

Answer 36

increase fiber increase fluids keep active

Question 37

major indicator for preeclampsia

Answer 37

hypertension (140/90)

Question 38

characteristics of supine hypotension

Answer 38

uterus presses down on aorta and vena cava when pt is supine never take a BP when pt is lying down slowly go from supine to sitting up to prevent balance issues and dizziness prevent by having pt lie left lateral recumbent

Question 39

concerns with edema

Answer 39

edema is a concern is there is sudden onset in the face or hands unilateral edema could be caused by a blood clot. it is important to compare both sides during inspection/assessment

Question 40

what conditions are caused by increased venous pressure

Answer 40

hemorrhoids varicose veins

Question 41

respiratory adaptations to pregnancy

Answer 41

SOB could indicate PE capillaries in respiratory system becomes engorged and causes edema increase immune response causes inflammation common to get bronchitis, URI, and sinus congestion helps to sleep with a humidifier uterus presses on diaphragm and causes SOB more chest breathing "blow out a candle" engages the diaphragm

Question 42

define linea nigra

Answer 42

vertical line down the middle of the pt's abdomen

Question 43

define striae

Answer 43

stretch marks seen on the abdomen, hips, breast, and thighs

Question 44

define chloasma

Answer 44

mask of pregnancy hyperpigmentation in cheeks, forehead, and nose can cause impaired self-esteem

Question 45

changes in hair and nails

Answer 45

during pregnancy hair and nails grow long and thick post-partum hair falls out

Question 46

define palms erythema

Answer 46

palms get red

Question 47

musculoskeletal adaptation to pregnancy

Answer 47

relaxin relaxes cartilage and ligaments lordosis (causes lower back pain) different center of gravity causes fall risk promote yoga and stretches

Question 48

define diastasis recti

Answer 48

separation of the rectus abdominal muscle, leading to flaccidity of the abdominal area after birth

Question 49

GI adaptations to pregnancy

Answer 49

slowed motility and gastric emptying acid reflux and constipation are common food eversion hyperemesis gravida pica encourage eating small frequent meals

Question 50

define food eversion

Answer 50

avoiding certain foods

Question 51

define hyperemesis gravida

Answer 51

can't keep any food down pt might be hospitalized

Question 52

define pica

Answer 52

cravings for things that aren't foods usually means there is something nutritionally missing

Question 53

renal adaptations to pregnancy

Answer 53

increase urine output relaxin dilates ureters increased GFR but slower flow high risk for UTIs pyelonephritis nocturia increased urination frequency uterus presses on bladder which prevents bladder expansion

Question 54

define pyelonephritis

Answer 54

high risk for kidney infection