Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NRSG 421 > Week 2 - maternity/ peds > Flashcards

Week 2 - maternity/ peds Flashcards

1
Q

What are the developmental stages for infants (0-3 months)?

A
  • raising head
  • controlling head
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the developmental stages for infants (3-6 months)?

A
  • sitting
  • starting to roll
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the developmental stages for infants (6-9 months)?

A
  • crawling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the developmental stages for infants (9-12 months)?

A
  • walking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the developmental stages for toddlers (12-24 months?

A
  • autonomy vs. discipline
  • no
  • talking
  • walking
  • dancing
  • parallel play
  • follow simple demands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the developmental stages for preschoolers (2-5 years)?

A
  • initiative vs. guilt
  • making friends
  • learning
  • sight words
  • colours
  • shapes
  • lots of emotions not sure what to do with them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the developmental stages for school age (5-12 years)?

A
  • abstract thinkers
  • deeper understanding of relationships/ other people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the developmental stages for teenagers (13-18 years)?

A
  • identity vs. role confusion
  • who are you in the world
  • gaining independence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A
  • swelling/ inflammation of bronchiole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what causes bronchiolitis?

A
  • viral infection
  • normally RSV or influenza
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

at what age can children get bronchiolitis?

A

6 months - 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis?

A
  • low grade fever
  • cough
  • tachypnea
  • use of accessory muscles
  • wheezing
  • increased sleep
  • difficulty eating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RSV is the leading cause of what in inflants?

A
  • pneumonia
  • bronchiolitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is used to diagnose bronchiolitis?

A
  • CXR
  • nasopharyngeal swab
  • blood work
  • ABGs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is used to treat bronchiolitis?

A
  • humidifier
  • up to date on vaccinations including family members
  • O2 therapy
  • oral fluids or IV if child wont drink
  • encourage hand hygiene
  • bronchodilators
  • antivirals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most common emergency abdominal surgery in children?

A

appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is appendicitis?

A

inflammation of the appendix which is a small finger like appendage attached to the cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are some symptoms of appendicitis you might see in children ?

A
  • localized RLQ pain
  • low or high fever
  • bloating
  • rebound tenderness
  • guarding
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how is appendicitis diagnosed in children?

A

ultrasound with WBC count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what complications can result from appendicitis in children ? List them in the order they would appear

A
  • rupture of appendix
  • abscess
  • peritonitis
  • sepsis/ septic shock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is included in the treatment of appendicitis in children ?

A

-may be sent home: rest c ABX or may do surgery
- if ruptured: surgery plus 7-10 days abx and/ or NG suction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is a major problem with appendicitis in regards to children?

A
  • can’t vocalize/ explain pain properly
  • hard to get kids to localize pain therefore harder to diagnose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what Is type 1 diabetes?

A
  • autoimmune disorder
  • occurs in genetically susceptible individuals who may be exposed to chemicals, viruses, toxic agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is type 1 diabetes characterized by?

A
  • autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin
  • results in absolute insulin deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

why is insulin needed in type 1 diabetes?

A
  • support metabolism of carbs, fats, proteins
  • moves substances into the cells from the blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

insulin glucose metabolism is essential for what?

A
  • growth
  • activity
  • wound healing
  • brain function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

when is type 1 diabetes most commonly diagnosed in children?

A
  • winter months
  • 8-10 years old
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what assessment findings are used to diagnose a child with type 1 diabetes?

A
  • weight loss (as much as 30%)
  • polyuria
  • thirst
  • ketones in blood and or urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what leads to polyuria and thirst for people with type 1 diabetes?

A

elevated blood glucose leads to osmotic diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what presenting symptoms might you see in a child with type 1 diabetes? explain each one

A

hyperglycemia
- glucose in blood stream

glucosuria
- sugar in urine

polyuria
- increased urine output

electrolyte imbalance
- from dehydration

polydipsia
- attempt to relieve dehydration

polyphagia
- attempt to compensate for lost calories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what diagnostic tests are used when determining if a child has type 1 diabetes?

A
  • elevated blood sugars
  • urine sample
  • glucose tolerance test
32
Q

when testing a child for type 1 diabetes what do you expect the results to be for a urine test?

A
  • glucosuria
  • possible ketonuria
33
Q

when testing a child for type 1 diabetes what do you expect the results to be for a glucose tolerance test?

A

low insulin levels with elevated glucose levels

34
Q

what are nursing interventions we want to do when a child with type 1 diabetes first comes in?

A
  • monitor blood glucose levels
  • once fluids stable THEN add insulin
35
Q

what are short term goals for the management of type 1 diabetes in children?

A
  • prevent development of ketosis
  • prevent electrolyte abnormalities/ volume depletion secondary to osmotic diuresis
  • prevent impairment of leukocyte function
  • prevent impairment of wound healing
36
Q

what are long term goals for the management of type 1 diabetes in children?

A
  • prevent microcirculatory and neuropathic changes
  • maintain blood glucose levels in target levels
37
Q

what are the target levels for blood glucose in children under 6 years old with type 1 diabetes?

A

6-12 mmol/L

38
Q

what are the target levels for blood glucose in children 6 -12 years old with type 1 diabetes?

A

4-10 mmol/L

39
Q

what are the target levels for blood glucose in children 13-18 years old with type 1 diabetes?

A

4-7 mmol/L

40
Q

what is included in hospital interventions regarding the management of type 1 diabetes in children?

A
  • insulin admin
  • check blood glucose levels before every meal and every morning
  • dietary management
  • monitor A1C concentration for 2-3 months
41
Q

what are home interventions parents can do while managing a child with type 1 diabetes?

A
  • blood glucose levels
  • carb count
  • exercise
  • illness prevention
  • sick day protocol
42
Q

what is preeclampsia?

A
  • complication of pregnancy
  • mother gets high BP after 20 weeks gestation with high level of protein in urine
43
Q

what causes preeclampsia?

A
  • age
  • potential toxic sources
  • autointoxication
  • uremia
  • pylenophritis
44
Q

what are the signs and symptoms a pregnant woman might have preeclampsia ?

A
  • hypertension
  • proteinuria
  • edema
  • sudden weight gain 2lbs/ week
  • SOB
  • increased liver enzymes
  • change in vision
  • oliguria (late sign)
  • N/V
  • upper abdominal pain
  • severe headache
45
Q

what diagnostics are used to determine if a pregnant women has preeclampsia ?

A
  • urine test
  • ultrasound
  • stress and non stress tests
  • test results may suggest HELLP syndrome
46
Q

what is HELLP syndrome?

A

H - hemolysis
EL - elevated liver enzymes
LP - low platelet count

47
Q

what is HELLP syndrome a sign of?

A

damage to another organ system but most often liver and kidney damage

48
Q

what are some strategies to prevent preeclampsia ?

A
  • adequate nutrition
  • good prenatal care
  • control of preexisting hypertension
49
Q

what are some treatments and interventions that can be done for preeclampsia ?

A
  • complete bed rest
  • antihypertensive drugs (methyldopa, hydralazine)
  • magnesium supplements to promote diuresis
50
Q

what complications can result from preeclampsia?

A
  • eclampsia
  • seizures
51
Q

what is postpartum hemorrhage ?

A

any blood loss from the uterus that exceeds 500ml during a 24-hour period

52
Q

what are the causes of a postpartum hemorrhage?

A
  • lack of muscle tone in uterine
  • retained placental tissue
  • laceration
  • hematoma
  • inversion
  • rupture
  • thrombin
53
Q

What are the risk factors associated to postpartum hemorrhage ?

A
  • hypovolemic shock
  • previous PPH
  • over-distension of uterus
  • prolonged labor
  • induce/ augmented labor
  • operative birth
54
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of postpartum hemorrhage ?

A
  • signs of hypovolemic shock
  • restlessness
  • light headedness
  • dizziness
  • large blood loss
  • increased HR
  • shallow rests
  • pale skin
  • weak thready pulse
55
Q

what diagnostic tests are used to determine if the pt is suffering from a postpartum hemorrhage ?

A
  • decreased hemoglobin
  • decreased hematocrit
  • decreased platelet count
  • decreased fibrinogen
  • longer clotting time
  • increased D-dimer
56
Q

how do you treat a postpartum hemorrhage?

A
  • fundal massage
  • assess/ empty bladder
  • breastfeeding > oxytocin release
  • medication
  • surgical intervention
  • fluids
57
Q

what types of fluids would be given to treat a pt with postpartum hemorrhage?

A
  • IV fluids
  • volume expanders
  • transfusion
58
Q

what types of medications would be given to a pt with a postpartum hemorrhage ?

A
  • oxytocin
  • ergometrine
  • hemabate
  • misoprostol
59
Q

what does the medication ergometrine do for a pt with a postpartum hemorrhage? What is it contraindicated with?

A
  • causes smooth muscle tissue in the blood vessel walls to narrow
  • reducing blood flow
  • can be used secondary to uterine atony
  • contraindicated in hypotension
60
Q

what does the medication hemabate do for a pt with a postpartum hemorrhage? What is it contraindicated with?

A
  • oxytocic
  • prostaglandin that stops bleeding
61
Q

what does the medication misprostol do for a pt with a postpartum hemorrhage? What is it contraindicated with?

A
  • prostaglandin
  • increases uterine tone and decreases postpartum bleeding
62
Q

what is jaundice?

A

yellowing of the skin in infants

63
Q

when does jaundice occur in babies? what is its peak? When should it disappear?

A
  • day 2-4 of life
  • peak 4-6 days
  • disappears after 2 weeks
64
Q

why types of stools are normal for jaundice babies?

A

loos frequent green stools

65
Q

what complication can jaundice result in? explain it.

A
  • kernicterus
  • permanent brain damage when unconjugated bilirubin crosses blood brain barrier
66
Q

how do you treat jaundice?

A
  • phototherapy
  • increased maternal feeding
  • albumin infusion
  • IV globulin
67
Q

when treating a baby diagnosed with jaundice, what does an albumin infusion do?

A

assists in binding bilirubin and facilitates its removal

68
Q

what causes jaundice?

A
  • blood cells broken down and proceed waste (bilirubin)
  • if liver isn’t fully developed can’t detoxify bilirubin
  • bilirubin then builds in body
69
Q

what are other signs of jaundice in a baby?

A
  • very few wet or dirty diapers
  • not eating well
  • not gaining weight
  • shrill/ high pitched cry
  • cannot be comforted
70
Q

what type of baby always gets jaundice?

A

pre-term babies

71
Q

how do you screen for jaundice in babies?

A
  • transcutaneous bilirubin
  • total serum bilirubin blood test
72
Q

describe a transcutaneous bilirubin screening test

A
  • measures yellowness of subcutaneous tissue
  • non-invasive
  • immediate results
73
Q

when would you do a total serum bilirubin blood test on a baby with potential jaundice?

A

when a transcutaneous bilirubin measurement exceeds a certain limit

74
Q

when is a total serum bilirubin blood test done?

A
  • within 24 hours after birth
  • blood sample taken from heel stick
75
Q

how do you treat jaundice ? list in order

A
  • blue light phototherapy
  • blood transfusion

NRSG 421 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions