Week 2 Motor Learning Flashcards
(28 cards)
Words related/referencing to the TASK
Open vs closed
Discrete vs continuous
Stability or mobility
Manipulation vs No manip
Words related/referencing to ENVIRONMENT
Predictable vs unpredictable
What is learning
Relatively permanent change
Decrease variability in how task is performed
What is performance
Temporary change in motor behavior seen during practice sessions but does NOT mean learning has occurred
What are the 7 types of nondeclarative (implicit) forms of learning
Nonassociative learning
Habituation
Sensitization
Associative learning
Classical conditioning
Operant (instrumental) conditioning
Procedural learning
What is nonassociative learning
Animals given single stimulus repeatedly
What is habituation
Decrease in responsiveness as result of repeated exposure to nonpainful stimulus
What is sensitization
Increased responsiveness following threatening or noxious stimulus
What is associative learning
Predicts relationships through classical or operant conditioning
What is classical conditioning
Learning to pair 2 stimuli
What is operant (instrumental) conditioning
Trial and error learning
What is procedural learning
Repetition of tasks performed automatically without attention or conscious thought
What is declarative (explicit) learning
Knowledge that can be consciously recalled
Requires processes such as awareness, attention and reflection
Types of processing: encoding, consolidation, storage, and retrieval
What is Schmidt’s schema theory
Open loop control processes and generalized motor program concept
What are the 3 stages in Fitts and Posner’s threes stage model
Cognitive stage
Associative stage
Autonomous stage
What are the clinical implications for the Fitts and Posner’s three stage model
First stage: task requires much attention and conscious thought
Second stage: movements become refined
Third stage: task becomes automatic
What is Bernstein’s Three stage approach
First stage: reduced the number of degrees of freedom of joints controlled
Second stage: release additional degrees of freedom
Third stage: release all degrees of freedom to perform the task
What is the 1st stage in Gentile’s two stage model
First stage: develop an understanding of the task dynamics
Getting the idea of the requirements of the movement
What is the 2nd stage of Gentile’s two stage model
Second stage (fixation/diversification): refine the movements
- developing the capability of adapting the movement to changing task and environmental demands and performing the task consistently and efficiently
- (in other words) adapting to the environment and refining the movement to perform the task better
What is massed practice
Amount of practice time in a trial is greater than the amount of rest between trails
- short rest btw practice
What is distributed practice
Amount of rest between trials is equal to or greater than the amount of time for a trial
- longer rest period than exercise (Avery)
What is constant practice
Practice the same way every time
What is variable practice
Practice the same task in different speeds
What is random practice
Practice different task in different orders
