Week 2 - Oral cavity and Oropharynx

Question 1

Where is the vestibule?

Answer 1

Space between lips and cheeks superficially, and teeth and gingivae deeply

Question 2

What muscle is innervated by facial nerve and lies in lateral wall of oral cavity?

Answer 2

Buccinator muscle

Question 3

What muscle of facial expression causes closing and pursing of lips?

Answer 3

Orbicularis Oral - oral sphincter

Question 4

What is the posterior opening to the oral cavity called?

Answer 4

Oropharyngeal

Question 5

Which 2 bones form the hard palate?

Answer 5

Palatine process of maxilla
Horizontal plate of palatine bone

Question 6

What are the muscles in the soft palate?

Answer 6

Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeous
Muscularis uvulae

Question 7

What is the nerve innervation of the soft palate muscles?

Answer 7

Tensor veli palatini - medial pterygoid nerve which is branch of mandibular branch
All others are pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve

Question 8

Where is the oropharynx?

Answer 8

Lie behind mouth and tongue
Anterior boundaries are left and right palatoglossal arches and extends to uvula of soft palate above to tip to epiglottis below

Question 9

What are the important contents of oropharynx?

Answer 9

Palatine tonsils on lateral wall of each side

Question 10

What are the functions of the tongue?

Answer 10

Moving food during chewing
Taste
Articulation

Question 11

What is the foramen caecum?

Answer 11

Remnant of the proximal part of embryonic thyroglossal duct from which thyroid gland has developed

Question 12

What are the surface projections of the mucus membrane of anterior third of tongue called?

Answer 12

Papillae
Filiform, Foliate and Vallate

Question 13

Describe filiform

Answer 13

Long, numerous, thread-like
Contain central afferent nerve endings which are sensitive to touch

Question 14

Describe foliate

Answer 14

Small lateral folds in lingual mucosa

Question 15

Describe vallate

Answer 15

Large and flat topped projections

Question 16

Which projection of the tongue mucosa does not contain taste buds?

Answer 16

Filiform type

Question 17

What are the elevation of dorsal surface of posterior 1/3rd of tongue?

Answer 17

Lingual tonsils

Question 18

What is the fold of the mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of mouth?

Answer 18

Frenulum

Question 19

What vein can be seen on underneath of tongue?

Answer 19

Deep lingual vein

Question 20

What is the sensory supply of the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

Answer 20

Lingual division of trigeminal nerve

Question 21

What is the nerve which causes taste sensation in anterior 2/3rds of tongue?

Answer 21

Chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve

Question 22

What is the sensory supply of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

Answer 22

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 23

What is the nerve that causes taste sensation of posterior 1/3rd of tongue?

Answer 23

Lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 24

What are the 2 types of muscles of tongue?

Answer 24

Intrinsic - originate and insert within the tongue
Extrinsic - attach from tongue to surrounding bone or soft palate

Question 25

What is the role of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles?

Answer 25

Extrinsic - Change position of tongue Intrinsic - Affects shape and size of the tongue

Question 26

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 26

Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus

Question 27

Describe the genioglossus

Answer 27

Arises for mandibular symphysis Protrudes tongue to opposite side

Question 28

Describe the hyoglossus

Answer 28

Attaches to hyoid bone Depresses tongue and helps shorten tongue

Question 29

Describe the styloglossus

Answer 29

Attaches to anterior border of styloid process Retrudes tongue and curls

Question 30

Describe the palatoglossus

Answer 30

Attaches to soft palate Can elevate posterior tongue or constrict isthmus

Question 31

What is the innervation of the tongue muscles?

Answer 31

Hypoglossal nerve innervates all muscles of tongue Except palatoglossus - vagus nerve

Question 32

What are the 3 paired salivary glands?

Answer 32

Parotid Submandibular Sublingual

Question 33

What are the 2 parts of the submandibular gland?

Answer 33

Superficial (inferior to muscle) and deep (superior to muscle)

Question 34

What muscle separates the superficial and deep parts of submandibular gland?

Answer 34

Mylohyoid muscle

Question 35

What artery grooves he under surface of the submandibular gland?

Answer 35

Facial artery

Question 36

Where does the submandibular gland open into?

Answer 36

Oral cavity via submandibular duct

Question 37

Where do ducts of sublingual gland lie?

Answer 37

In floor of mouth between mandible and genioglossus

Question 38

What is the nerve innervation of parotid gland?

Answer 38

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 39

What is the nerve innervation of the submandibular gland?

Answer 39

Facial nerve

Question 40

What is the nerve innervation of the sublingual gland?

Answer 40

Facial nerve

Question 41

Describe the larynx

Answer 41

Contains voice box and produces sound Protective inlet of resp. system Has supraglottis, glottis and subglottis

Question 42

What does the larynx connect?

Answer 42

Mouth and trachea

Question 43

Describe the paired and unpaired cartilages of the larynx

Answer 43

Unpaired - Hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage Paired - arytenoid, cuneiform and corniculate

Question 44

What cartilage does the prominence of Adam's apple in males sit on?

Answer 44

Thyroid cartilage

Question 45

Which cartilage makes a complete ring shape?

Answer 45

Cricoid cartilage

Question 46

What are the 2 dense connective tissue membranes between laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 46

Thyrohyoid ligament Cricothyroid cartilage

Question 47

What are the structures of the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 47

Epiglottis Corniculate cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Inter-arytenoid fold

Question 48

What 3 parts are the lumen of larynx split into?

Answer 48

1 - vestibule or upper part, area between laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds 2- middle part between vestibular folds and true vocal cords 3 - lower part extends from vocal cords to lower border of cricoid cartilage

Question 49

Where does vocal fold and vestibular fold lie compared to each other?

Answer 49

Vestibular is more superior than vocal

Question 50

What is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 50

Control movement of vocal fold as well as controlling the diameter of the laryngeal inlet

Question 51

Would would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected?

Answer 51

Stridor and loss of voice Obstruction of airway

Question 52

What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucus membrane of the larynx?

Answer 52

Superior laryngeal nerve

Question 53

Describe the vocal folds during normal resp., rapid breathing, and speaking

Answer 53

Normal - adducted Rapid - abducted Speaking - fully abducted

Question 54

What are the 3 parts of the larynx?

Answer 54

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

Question 55

What prevents the bolus entering the nasopharynx?

Answer 55

Soft palate

Question 56

What are the 3 layers of the pharynx?

Answer 56

Outer muscular layer Middle fibrous layer Inner mucous layer

Question 57

What is included in the outer muscular layer?

Answer 57

Outer circular layer and Inner longitudinal layer

Question 58

What muscles are in outer circular layer?

Answer 58

3 constrictor muscles - superior, middle and inferior Open in front at entries of nasal, buccal and laryngeal

Question 59

What are the muscles of inner longitudinal lauer?

Answer 59

Stylopharyngeous - CN IX Salpingopharyngeus - CNX Palatopharyngeaous - CNX

Question 60

What is the pharynx innervation?

Answer 60

Pharyngeal plexus CNX, IX and sympathetic fibres

Question 61

What is the sensory nerve of the pharynx?

Answer 61

CNIX - glossopharyngeal

Question 62

What nerve provides most motor innervation of pharynx?

Answer 62

Vagus nerve

Question 63

What is the role of the constrictor muscles during swallowing?

Answer 63

Propels bolus of food inferiorly to oesophagus

Question 64

What is the role of the longitudinal layer of muscles in swallowing?

Answer 64

Elevate the larynx during swallowing Shorten and widen pharynx

Question 65

What is the purpose of the Weldeyer's ring?

Answer 65

First line defence against microbes that enter body via nasal and oral cavities

Question 66

What lymphatic collection are present in Weldeyer's ring?

Answer 66

Pharyngeal tonsils Palatine tonsils Lingual tonsils Tubal tonsils