Week 2 PP Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is a Sports Mouthguard?
A properly fitted mouth guard offers protection from a premature loss of teeth; can prevent broken or fractured teeth; and can prevent injuries to the lips, tongue, face and jaw. Mouth guards are mainly worn on the maxillary teeth, and are designed to stay in place while allowing the person to talk ad breathe normally.
How Mouthguards Help to Protect Athletes
Laceration - protects soft tissues of the lop, cheeks, gums and tongue by covering the sharp surfaces of the teeth
TMJ Trauma - reduce the potential for jaw joint fracture and displacement by cushioning against the impact
Jaw Fracture - reduce the force upon impact helping to protect the jaws from fractures
3 Types of Mouthguards
- Commercial mouthguards
- Mouth-formed protectors
- Custom-fitted vacuumed formed guards
Commercial Mouthguards
Stock or ready-made mouth guards are pre-formed and ready to wear. They are inexpensive and do not fit as well as the other two types of mouth guards
Mouth-formed Mouthguards “boil and bite”
Are mouth protectors that are usually purchased in sporting goods or athletic stores. These mouth guards are softened in heated water, inserted into the mouth, and then molded to fit the individual’s arch.
Directions must be followed careefully to ensure that the mouth guard fits properly
Custom Fit Mouthguards
Custom-fitted mouth guards are made by the dentist specifically for the patient. They involve taking impressions of the patient for a study model. The impressions are poured to make study models that are then used to fabricate a mouth guard. Once the mouth guard material is vacuum formed over the model, it is trimmed and finished for the. These mouth guards are more expensive but offer a better fit and the most protection to the mouth.
Not a great option for teens as their mouths are changing/growing
Home Care Instructions
-Wear sports guard while playing sports
-Use lukewarm soapy water to clean, can also rinse with Listerine
-Keep out of direct sunlight as it can distort the guard
-Store in a container with small holes to allow adequate drying keeping it away from pets and heat
-If sports mouthguard no longer fits, call the office to have it replaced
What are Custom Trays?
Are impression trays made specifically for an individual patient to obtain an accurtate impression. They are made form a diagnostic cast made from a preliminary impression
Criteria for Creating Custom Trays
-Tray must be stable enough to hold impression material rigid during placement and removal
-Tray must adapt well to patient’s arch and not impinge on tissue
-Must provide proper adaptation to endentulous or partially edentulous arch
-Tray must maintain even distribution of 3-4mm of impression material between itself and teeth
-Maxillary trays must cover the teeth, the palate and extend slightly beyond the gingival margin to the mucogingival junction, but NOT into the mucobuccal fold
-Mandibular trays must cover the teeth and extend slightly beyond the gingival marin to the mucogingival junction but NOT into the mucobuccal fold
Custom Tray Materials
-Self-curing Acrylic Resin
-Light-cured resin
-Thermoplastic Material
*Each material requires a diagnostic model that is prepared to tray fabrication
Self-Curing Acrylic Resin Tray Materials
-Most common material used
-Material is strong and easily adaptable
-It can be highly volatile. They vapour is highly flammable and hazardous if inhaled in large concentrations, it can also be irritating to skin
- a monomer and polymer are mixed together inducing the setting process. During the setting stage heat is released
- A custom tray should be allowed to set for 24 hours prior to use (it is ususally dimensionally unstable until then)
Light Cured Resin Tray Materials
Comes a a pre-mixed, pre-fabricated visible light cured material. It has very low shrinkage, which provides excellent adaptation to cast.
Setting time is operator controlled
Material stays pliable until a light source innitiates polymerization *put in “easy bake oven”
Thermoplastic Tray Material
-thermoplastic beads are placed in warm-hot water starting the reaction
-thermoplastic means that the material becomes soft and pliable when exposed to heat
-when the material is soft and clear, it can be molded on the model into the desired shape
-As the heat dissipates, the material hardens and turns back into its original colour
Custom Tray Steps
- Fill all undercuts and air bubbles on the diagnostic cast with wax or other molding material. Carious lesions, fractured teeth, deep interproximal spaces, & malposed teeth can create undercuts.
- Outline the tray – the tray must extend over the attached gingiva to the mucogingival junction and 2- 3mm beyond the last tooth in the arch and cover all teeth and/or palate.
- A spacer is fabricated and placed on the cast to create room in the tray for the impression material.
- Spacer stops are added to prevent the tray from seating to deeply in the arch.
- If required, a separating medium is painted on the cast, spacer and surrounding area so the completed tray can easily be separated from the cast.
- A handle is adapted to the tray to allow for easy insertion and removal from the mouth.
- The spacer is removed from the tray and the tray is cleaned.
- The tray is finished, smoothing any rough edges.
- The tray is given a final rinse and disinfected.
Spacers can be fabricated out of:
-Baseplate wax
-Moist paper towel
-Commercial non-stick molding material
Creating a Spacer out of Baseplate Wax
To create a spacer, warm baseplate wax until pliable and place it onthe cast over the area of the tray. Using a warmed plastic instrument, or lab knife the wax is cut to the proper shape (the drawwn pencil line)
What are Spacer Stops?
Spacer stops are square or round holes that are cut out of the spacer. These cutouts will form bumpson the tissue side of the tray. They must be big enough to alow the custom tray material to create the bumps on the inside of the tray
Endentulous Trays - stops
require a minimum of 4 stops. Placed on the crest of the alveolar ridge in the first or second molar areas as well as in the canine areas
Dentulous trays - stops
stops are placed near (but not on) the preapared teeth
Final Impression Materials for Denture Procedures
-* Elastomeric materials are used because of the accuracy required.
* A tray adhesive must be painted on the tray prior to use.
* This ensures that the impression material will adhere to the tray and not come out in the patient’s mouth.
