Week 2 - Survey Design

Question 1

List the three research types

Answer 1

Experimental, Quasi-experimental and Non-experimental

Question 2

What are the purposes of Exploratory and Descriptive research?

Answer 2

Information gathering

Question 3

What are the purposes of Explanatory and Predictive research?

Answer 3

Theory testing

Question 4

What is a Research Process?

Answer 4

Examples of iterative (constant) research process models and where survey design and sampling fits in

Question 5

List the survey research process

Answer 5

• Reality / observation / theory
• Problem definition / hypotheses
• Research method design (incl. survey)
• Collect data
• Analyse
• Results
• Discuss (generalise / apply)
• Disseminate (get reviewed / publish)
• New study?

Question 6

List the “Hourglass” notion of research

Answer 6

• Start with broad questions
• Narrow it down
• Operationalise
• Observe
• Analyse data
• Research conclusions
• Generalize back to question

Question 7

List the types of surveys

Answer 7

• Self administered

- Interview administered

Question 8

List the stages of questionnaire develipment

Answer 8

1. Formulate a generic questionnaire
2. Expand on the questionnaire
3. Pre-test/redraft
4. Finalise and implement

Question 9

Key parts of a survey

Answer 9

• Title page
• Information sheet
• Consent form
• Instructions
• Questionnaire
• End pages

Question 10

Details of the information sheet

Answer 10

• Study name
• List of researchers
• Purpose of study
• What is required
• Risks/costs/rewards
• How the results will be used
• Ethics approval
• More info: complaints etc

Question 11

Why pre-test a survey?

Answer 11

• for feedback
• revise redundant, misunderstood and non-competed questions
• double check layout etc
• test on anyone convenient

Question 12

Why Pilot-test a survey?

Answer 12

• analyse data
• revise survey
• test on a small sample from the target population

Question 13

Avoid questions that are:

Answer 13

• Double-barreled
• Double negative
• Leading
• Loaded
• Objective
• Subjective

Question 14

Define a double-barreled question

Answer 14

Questions which have more than one concept or purpose - they should be split into different questions.
E.g. “What should the speed limit be for trucks and cars?”
Split them.

Question 15

Define a double negative question

Answer 15

They’re confusing because responding with “no” creates a double negative.
E.g. “Do you disapprove (neg) of gay marriage?” Answering with no (neg), even though the answer is positive is confusing.

Question 16

Define a leading question

Answer 16

A question that suggests an answer.

E.g. “Do you think Jess should earn more money than she is currently paid?!”

Question 17

Define a loaded question

Answer 17

a question that suggests a socially desirable answer.

E.g. “Have you stopped beating your wife?” Yes = You were previously hitting her, No = You’re still hitting her.

Question 18

Define an objective question

Answer 18

A true answer exists and the participant could give an accurate answer, but the question is made hard by how it’s delivered.
E.g. “How many times last year did you see a Dr?”
Who would remember specifics that long ago?

Question 19

Define a subjective question

Answer 19

Asks silly personal perceptions that can’t really be answered..
E.g. “how well did you understand the medical advice you were given?”
There are many possible answers depending on the person.

Question 20

Define an objective question

Answer 20

There’s a verifiably true answer

Question 21

Define a subjective question

Answer 21

Based on perspective of the respondent

Question 22

What is a Dichotomous question?

Answer 22

-Closed ended
-only two response options e.g. yes, no or male, female etc
-

Question 23

What is a Multichotomus question?

Answer 23

• closed ended

- when more than two answers can be chosen

Question 24

What is a ‘the list’/ multiple response question?

Answer 24

• closed ended

- when a list of answers to choose from is provided

Question 25

What is a ranking question?

Answer 25

-closed ended -one which helps measure the importance of several items. E.g. "What is most important to you: 1. 2. 3. etc" -ordinal data

Question 26

What is a verbal frequency scale?

Answer 26

- closed ended e. g. "Over the past month, how often have you cried?" 1. All the time 2. Often 3. Occasionally 4. never etc

Question 27

What is a likert scale?

Answer 27

-closed ended Measures strength of feeling perception. E.g. How much do you agree with bla? 1. agree 2. neutral 3. agree etc

Question 28

What is a graphical rating scale?

Answer 28

``` - closed ended When a cross can be marked along a scale. E.g. "how much did you like the movie?" didn't-----------------------------did -common online ```

Question 29

What is a semantic differential?

Answer 29

``` -closed ended When a tic/across can be placed along each row to show your opinion. E.g. bad - good strong - weak unattractive - attractive ```

Question 30

What is a non-verbal (idiographic) scale?

Answer 30

-closed ended e.g. point to the face that shows how you feel about studying. :) :/ :( >:(

Question 31

What is Nominal data?

Answer 31

people or events are sorted into unordered categories. ("Are you male or female?")

Question 32

What is Ordinal data?

Answer 32

people or events are ordered or placed in ordered categories along a single dimension. ("How would you rate your health - very good, good, fair, or poor?")

Question 33

What is Interval data?

Answer 33

numbers are attached that provide meaningful information about the distance between ordered stimuli or classes. e.g. 1st, 2nd, 3rd

Question 34

What is Ratio data?

Answer 34

numbers are assigned that have absolute 0 meaning such as a count or measurement by an objective, physical scale such as distance, weight, or pressure. ("How old were you on your last birthday?")

Question 35

Define 'Target Population'

Answer 35

The people who I wish to study/generalise | e.g. Catholics living in Aus

Question 36

Define 'Sampling Frame'

Answer 36

Who has the chance at being selected?

Question 37

Define a 'Sample'

Answer 37

The people who get selected for the study

Question 38

Define 'Representatives'

Answer 38

Is your chosen sample a good indicator of the target population?

Question 39

List the types of probability sampling

Answer 39

- Simple random - out of a hat - Systematic random - e.g every 10th person - Stratified random - e.g. Every 10th person from every grade

Question 40

List the types of non-probability sampling

Answer 40

- Convenience - Purposive - purposely targeting specific people - e.g. people who dropped out of uni - Snowball - People not easily identified, contacted by referral e.g. drug dealers