Week 2.1 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Where is the adolescent stage situated?
Between childhood and adulthood.
When is early adolescence?
10 - 13 years.
When is middle adolescence?
14 - 17 years.
When is late adolescence?
18 - 21 years.
When is young / emerging adulthood?
Early to middle 20s.
What 3 changes occur during adolescence?
- Biological
- Cognitive
- Social
Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model; Microsystem
- Immediate environment.
- Direct participation.
- Friends, school, community.
- Very influential in early life.
- Becomes richer throughout development.
Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model; Mesosystem
- Interconnections among microsystem.
Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model; Exosystem
- Environmental settings; parents’ workplace, child’s school, mass media, etc.
- No direct contact but still influential.
Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model; Macrosystem
- Society.
- General beliefs, values, customs, laws.
What is entailed with psychosocial development?
- Period of finding who you are;
identity, autonomy, relationships. - Also, psychosocial stress;
mental health, conflict.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES;
Biosocial
- Emphasizes the biological stages of development.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES; Theory of Recapitulation (G. Stanley Hall)
- Biosocial.
- Human development mimics development across evolution.
- Adolescence is a period of storm and stress.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES; Dual Systems Theory
- Biosocial.
- Two different brain systems;
1. processes rewards / punishments, social and emotional info.
2. self-control, planning and logical thinking.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES;
Organismic
- Emphasize the interaction between biological changes and their surrounding contexts.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES; Psychosexual Theory (Sigmund Freud)
- Driven by unconscious drives.
- Development around erogenous zones.
- Latency Period: 6 - 12 years.
- Genital Stage: puberty onwards.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES; Psychosocial Theory (Erik Erikson)
- Psychosocial conflict = crises of learning.
- Some crises: what do we learn, who do we learn it from, how do we become our own person?
e. g., Identity vs. Role Confusion: 8 - 12 years.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES; Piagetian Theory (Jean Piaget)
- Changed psychosocial perspective on human cognition.
e. g., Formal Operational stage: 12 onwards.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES;
Learning
- Emphasizes the ways in which patterns of behaviour are acquired through learning.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES; Behaviourism
- Focuses on observable behaviour.
- No concentration on unconscious drives.
- How we learn behaviours; classical and operant conditioning.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES; Social Learning Theory (Albert Bandura)
- Emphasis on observation and imitation.
- Learning is social.
- Reciprocal determinism;
attention > encoding > storage > retrieval
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES;
Sociological
- Emphasize the ways in which adolescents are treated by society.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES; Adolescent Marginality
- Adolescents feel a lack of power in world.
- Undermine by adults around them.
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES; Intergenerational Conflict
- Adults and adolescence have different experiences.
- Experiences lead to different mindsets.
- Conflict between generations.
