Week 2.1 - Atoms, Molecules, and Cells Flashcards
(19 cards)
define differentiation
the process of transforming an unspecialised cell into a specialised cell
what are the 4 major categories of cells ?
- muscle cells
- neurons
- epithelial cells
- connective-tissue cells
what are the 3 types of muscle cell ?
- skeletal muscle
- cardiac muscle
- smooth muscle
what is skeletal muscle ?
- attached through other structures to bones or skin
- voluntary control
what is cardiac muscle ?
- only found in the heart
- involuntary control
what is smooth muscle ?
- surround many of the tubes in the body
- involuntary control
define neuron
a cell of the CNS that is specialised to initiate, integrate and conduct electrical signals to other cells
define nervous tissue
collection of neurons e.g. brain, spinal cord
define epithelial cells
specialised for secretion and absorption of ions and organic molecules
what are the 4 shapes of epithelial cells ?
- cuboidal
- columnar
- squamous
- ciliated
define connective-tissue
connects and supports the structures of the body
what are the 5 types of connective tissue
- loose connective
- dense connective
- bone and cartilage
- adipose
- blood
what are the different patters that cells can be arranged in ?
- sheets
- tubes
- layers
- bundles
- strips
define body fluids
watery solution of dissolved substances
define intracellular fluid
fluid contained WITHIN all the cells
define extracellular fluid
the fluid in the blood and space SURROUNDING cells
define interstitium
space containing interstitial fluid
what % of extracellular fluid is in the blood ?
20-25%
what % of extracellular fluid is interstitial fluid ?
75-80%
