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Flashcards in Week 23 Deck (34)
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1
Q

Assessment

A

Individual’s who may have a psychological disorder begin with an assessment designed to elicit their personal history and presenting symptoms

2
Q

How to assess

A

Assess clients background/severity of symptoms
Gather measurements via observations/interviews/medical images
Can be done before and after treatment to assess the effectiveness

3
Q

Clinical interviews

A

Typically part of any assessment. Thorough interviews conducted by trained professionals designed to elicit information on the client’s history and presenting system. Usually use a predetermined set of questions

4
Q

Self-report questionnaires

A

Made up of a series of questions asking directly about symptoms or behaviours. They often use a rating scale on which clients endorse the degree or frequency to which they are experiencing symptoms or have engages in certain behaviours in a set period of time. They measure typical behaviour and are usually transparent, particularly vulnerable to bias.

5
Q

Psychological tests

A

An instrument designed to measure unobserved/underlying constructs, such intelligence or personality traits. Less transparent and less susceptible to faking

6
Q

Behavioural monitering

A

Involves recording specific behaviours and the circumstances around those behaviours. The purpose is to learn about the frequency of target behaviours/precursor and the reinforcers that help maintain behaviours

7
Q

Drug therapy

A

Use of medication to treat psychological disorders; most drug therapies for psychological disorders focus on medications that affect the neurotransmitters that convey information between nerve cells in the brain and body

8
Q

Major neurotransmitters

A

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
GABA

9
Q

Dopamine

A

Motor control/memory/attention/reward system which attaches emotional value to external events. Excess is associated with schizo

10
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Associated with alertness and arousal. Too little is associated with depression too much with schizo

11
Q

GABA

A

Inhibits excitation and anxiety and induces relaxation, TOo little is associated w anxiety and mood disorders

12
Q

Antipsychotic drug

A

A medication used primarily to treat psychotic disorders

13
Q

Tardive Dyskinea

A

The voluntary and random movement of the facial arm/leg muscles seen in clients who have taken first generation psychotics for a long time

14
Q

Main antidepressants

A

Tricycles
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors which inhibit the enzyme oxidase that breaks down dopamine and norepinephrine
Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors which prevent the reuptake of serotonin in the brain

15
Q

Tricycles

A

Block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

16
Q

Anti-manic drugs

A

Any medication used to treat bipolar disorder and manic symptoms. The most effective is the lithium carbonate. One problem is client compliance is that many people with bipolar disorder enjoy manic episodes and may stop taking the medicine to feel it

17
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

A

Used as treatment for depression and involves passing a magnetic coil over a client’s head which induces an electrical current in the neurons directly underneath it. When applied daily for 3/5 weeks it has been found to decrease depression in some

18
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy

A

Method used to treat resistant mental health disorders by passing an electric current through electrodes placed on a client’s head in an effort to prompt a seizure and release additional GABA

19
Q

Deep brain stimulation

A

Used to treat severe cases of OCD and depression. Electrical current is delivered via an electrode inserted into the brain to disrupt activity in specific region. Used for severe OCD and depression

20
Q

Psychoanalytical

A

That our behaviour can be explained by unconscious forces or desires, that are the result of internal conflicts and we have to become aware of them to be cured. The process can take years and effects and outcomes are hard to measure

21
Q

Humanist

A

Believes that psychological problems result from individuals being thwarted in their ability to realize their full potential. Therapists hep the client understand his/her real wishes and how to deal with perceived judgements that block that

22
Q

Gestalt

A

Focus on the present moment and aim to help clients recognize what they’re thinking/feeling/doing at the moment

23
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

Very effective type of exposure therapy especially for phobias. It involves gradually exposing clients to the feared stimulus to habutate and eventually extinguish the fear reaction. Clients are first taught relaxation techniques and then exposed to a very mild version of their phobia. As long as they’re able to return to a relaxed state, they are exposed to more and more

24
Q

Flooding

A

Form of exposure therapy where the client is exposed to the object of their fear directly and full but w/o actual harm and kept there until his/her panic reactions go away.

25
Q

Aversion therapy

A

Involves pairing an undesirable behaviour and an aversion stimulus so that the individual will develop a less favourable emotional association with the undesirable behaviour and its reward value will decrease

26
Q

Imaginal exposure

A

Where the client imagine the feared stimulus rather than actually experiencing exposure, used for severe anxiety

27
Q

Behaviour modification

A

Designed to alter behaviour using operant conditioning techniques

28
Q

Token economis

A

A form of operant conditioning in which desired behaviours are reinforced with tokens that can be exchanged for some form of reward

29
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

Uses a variety of therapeutic techniques to help clients identify their thoughts and to examine the logic behind those thoughts. Once clients begin to realize that their thoughts are not accurate, they can begin to form more accurate rational thoughts

30
Q

Rational emotive therapy

A

Form of cognitive behavioural therapy that proposes the driving force behind psychological problems is the thought process behind them. Our thoughts determine our mood. It is based on Ellis’ ABC theory

31
Q

ABC Theory

A

Theory of emotions which posits to an external event or antecedent (A) results in a specific emotion or consequence (C) because of a persons thoughts about the event (B) not because of the actual belief itself

32
Q

Advantages of group therapy

A

Targets individuals who have certain characteristics in common. Psychoeducational interventions

33
Q

Community psychology

A

Concerned with relationships between social systems and individual well being, especially those who are marginalized. Doesn’t focus on changing individual, but changing the community

34
Q

Assertive community treatment

A

Delivered by a team who work w mentally ill clients wherever they are in the community