Week 3 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What assessments are involved in an ear examination
- Cerumen Impaction
- Whisper Test
- Weber and Rinne test
What are you looking for in an oral examination?
- Ulcers
poor oral hygiene - Oral Thrush
- Xerostomia
*Dental Carries
What is an oral ulcer caused by?
may be caused by nutritional deficiencies
What may cause dental carries?
Poor oral hygeine (this can be painful)
What is oral thrush and what may it be caused by?
overgrowth of yeast that may be caused by steroid inhalers
What is xerostomia?
a dry mouth often caused by medication
What are some neurological disorders that an elderly person may experience?
stroke, Parkinson’s, peripheral neuropathy, herniated disc, arthritis, MS
What are cranial nerves 9 and 10
the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
How do you test cranial nerve 9 and 10?
- Phonation “ah”
- Swallowing
- Gag reflex
What is cranial nerve 7
The facial nerve
How do you test cranial nerve 7?
- Facial symmetry
- Ability to raise eyebrows, frown, smile, close eyes tightly, puff out cheeks
What are cranial nerves 3,4 and 6
oculomotor, trochlear and abducens
how do you test cranial nerves 3, 4 and 6
- Light pupillary response
- Extra-ocular movement (six cardinal positions of gaze)
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
coordination
what can effect cerebellar function?
Disorders such as alcohol misuse, stroke, tumor, brain degeneration, MS, and certain medications (i.e., benzodiazepines, antiepileptics) can cause cerebellar dysfunction
what are findings that can come from cerebellar dysfunction?
- Nystagmus- a vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements
- Action tremor
- Dysmetria in upper or lower extremities – i.e., rapid alternating movements, finger-finger, finger-nose, heel- shin
- Gait ataxia- difficulty walking in a straight line, lateral veering, poor balance, a widened base of support, inconsistent arm motion, and lack of repeatability
How do you measure visual acuity with a snellen chart?
- Snellen Chart
- Assess from 20 meters (6
feet) away - Assess right and left eye
What is the Step test and what is a normal range for it?
- Step: The distance from one heel strike to the next contralateral heel strike
- Normal: About 72 cm
What is the stride test and what is the normal range?
- Stride: The distance covered from one heel strike to the next ipsilateral heel strike (2 steps) *Normal: About 144 cm
What is the cadence (step rate) test and what is it’s normal range?
- Cadence (step rate): Number of steps per unit of time
- Normal:90-120steps/minute
What is the gait speed test?
- Gait speed: Distance covered in a given amount of time
- TUG Test
what is the step or base width test and what is the normal findings
- Step or base width: The lateral distance between the heel centers of two consecutive foot contacts
* Normal:5-10cm
What are symptoms of Parkinsonsim
parkinsonian gait
slowed movement
reduced arm swing
rigidity
freezing
postural instability
shuffling steps
postural instability
asymmetric resting tremor
mask like face
Go through the rating system of the strength assessment for a patient (1/5, 1/5, 2/5, 3/5, 4/5, 5/5)
0/5: no contraction
1/5: muscle flicker, but no movement
2/5: movement possible, but not against gravity
3/5: movement possible against gravity, but not against resistance by the examiner
4/5: movement possible against some resistance by the examiner
5/5: normal strength
