week 3

Question 1

multiple joints and muscles activate the appropriate time w correct amt of force so that SMOOTH, EFFICIENT, AND ACCURATE MOVEMENTS occue

Answer 1

coordination

Question 2

where is the motor cortex located

Answer 2

precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Question 3

Brodmann area 4

Answer 3

primary motor cortex

Question 4

Brodmann area 6

Answer 4

premotor and supplemental motor areas

Question 5

action of brodmanns area 4

Answer 5

control simple, single joint movements

integrates sensory information to coordinate precise contralateral movements

Question 6

areas & action of brodmanns area 6

Answer 6

premotor area: multiple joint movements, postural adjustments for complex tasks

supplementary motor area: facilitates the initiation and coordination of sequential mvmts and bilateral tasks

Question 7

what is the motor cortex role in coordination

Answer 7

coordinates VOLUNTARY MVMTS by integrating info about body position, target location, and movement strategy

Question 8

Decending motor pathway: corticospinal

Answer 8

skilled mvmt and fine motor tasks of distal limbs

Question 9

descending tract: corticobulbar

Answer 9

muscles of face and neck

Question 10

descending tract: tectospinal

Answer 10

neck muscles during visual tasks

Question 11

descending tract: reticulospinal

Answer 11

muscle tone and reflexes, posture and gait coordination

Question 12

descending tract: vestibulospinal

Answer 12

postural ctrl and head mvmts, coordinated axial head-eye mvmts

Question 13

descending tract: rubrospinal:

Answer 13

merges w corticospinal tract in cervical region (minimal role/action)

Question 14

action of cerebellum

Answer 14

regulation of mvmt, postural control, and muscle tone

“an error detector and movement corrector”

Question 15

cerebellum 3 divisions and actions

Answer 15

cerebrocerebellum: planning and initiating and timing; fine motor skills of hands, limb ataxia

spinocerebellum: (vermis) limb positioning; touch/pressure, gait/trunk ataxia, orthostatic tremor

Question 16

types of cerebrocerebellum disorders (limb ataxia)

Answer 16

dysdiadochokinesia
dysmetria
action tremor

Question 17

vestibulocerebellum (falocculonodular lobe)

Answer 17

maintains equilibrium, balance, adn posture

Question 18

disorders/issues of vestibulocerebellum

Answer 18

nystagmus
disequilibrium
VOR disruption

Question 19

the right cerebral hemisphere ctrls the ___ side of the body. The right cerebellar hemisphere controls the _____ side of the body

Answer 19

left, right

*cerebral tracts cross and ctrl the opposite side of body while the cerebellar tracts do not

Question 20

loss of coordinated movement

Answer 20

ataxia

Question 21

intention tremor & WHATS AFFECTED

Answer 21

tremor that occurs during movement but disappears at rest –> cerebellum issues

Question 22

postural tremor & WHATS AFFECTED

Answer 22

back and forth oscellatory movements of the body while in standing –> cerebellum

Question 23

resting tremor & WHATS AFFECTED

Answer 23

oscillatory movements at rest that disappear with movement –>BASAL GANGLIA ISSUE

Question 24

slowness, extraneous movements, or alterations in posture and or muscle tone lead you to think of damage to which structure?

Answer 24

basal ganglia

Question 25

basal ganglia is involved in movement selection, initiation, and automatic movements

Answer 25

true

Question 26

does the basal ganglia recieve any sensory inputs

Answer 26

no, but the cerebellum does

Question 27

akinesia

Answer 27

difficulty initiating movement (basal ganglia)

Question 28

parkinsons is an issue of the ______

Answer 28

basal ganglia

Question 29

huntintons disease is an issue of

Answer 29

basal ganglia

Question 30

chorea

Answer 30

involuntary rapid, jerky movements (huntintons/huntingtons disease)

Question 31

hemiballisms

Answer 31

large amplitude movements, sudden, violent, FLAILING AROUND lesion in contralateral subthalamic nucleus

Question 32

DCML

Answer 32

balance and coordination from lack of JOINT POSITION, awareness of movement, and impaired localized touch sensation

Question 33

what are the 5 aspects of coordination

Answer 33

accuracy speed smooth reciprocity of movement (intralimb) interlimb coordination

Question 34

hypometria

Answer 34

undershooting

Question 35

know the coordination tests and the impairements theyre suggested for

Question 36

SARA - scale for the assessment and ratings of ataxia SCORING

Answer 36

0= no ataxia 40= severe ataxia

Question 37

know basal ganglia vs cerebellar findings

Answer 37

ie: which has ataxia, dysdiadochokinesis, tremor w speed... etc

Question 38

ataxia dysmetria dysdiachokinesia tremor dexterity

Answer 38

cerebellum

Question 39

akinesia bradykinesia dystonia ridigity tremor athetosis hemiballismus

Answer 39

Basal Ganglia

Question 40

friedreichs ataxia

Answer 40

inherited disorder impacting SC, cerebellum, and peripheral nerves

Question 41

sporadic ataxia

Answer 41

non genetic resulting in ataxia and dysarthria precursor to Multiple systems atrophy

Question 42

strokes usually occur where

Answer 42

cerebellum

Question 43

know tracts and where they travel and which are more medial

Question 44

dysesthesias

Answer 44

impairment of touch sensitivity, typically dullness

Question 45

allodynia

Answer 45

pain from something not normally harmful

Question 46

hyperesthesia vs hyperalgesia

Answer 46

hyperesthesia: increased sensitivity to touch hyperalgesia: increased sensitivity to pain or increased pain intensity

Question 47

causalgia

Answer 47

constant burning pain resulting from damage to a peripheral nerve

Question 48

thalamic pain syndrome:

Answer 48

a vascular lesion in thalamus can result in sensory disturbances along with paralysis *horrific constant pain

Question 49

mechanoreceptors: ruffini

Answer 49

sensitive to skin stretch slow adapting

Question 50

mechanoreceptors: merkel discs

Answer 50

tissue displacement/ PRESSURE

Question 51

mechanoreceptors: pacinian corpuscles

Answer 51

vibration & pressure fast adapting

Question 52

mechanoreceptors: meissners corpuscles

Answer 52

fine touch fast adapting

Question 53

light touch follows with pathway/tract

Answer 53

dorsal column pathway

Question 54

pain (sharp full sensation testing) follows which pathway/tract

Answer 54

spinothalamic pathway

Question 55

monofilament testing scores

Answer 55

4.17-normal 5.07 - protective 6.10 - lack light touch and pressure sensation

Question 56

grading light touch

Answer 56

normal- feels the touch and same as unimpaired side impaired- feels it, but different than other side absent - does not feel it

Question 57

grading sharp/dull

Answer 57

normal- distinguishes btw sharp/dull, intensity same impaired- distinguishes but intensity is different absent - cannot distinguish SHARP or has no sensation of being touched

Question 58

proprioception and kinesthesia grading

Answer 58

normal- accurately describes impaired - <75% accurate, delayed response absent - cannot detect movement

Question 59

topognosis

Answer 59

ability to localize touch stimuli on skin - describe where im touching you

Question 60

nerves regenerate how much per day

Answer 60

1mm/day