Week 3 Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
Define postural control
A
2
Q
Define COM, and COG. What displays the ability to control COM in relation to BOS?
A
3
Q
Define BOS, and COP
A
4
Q
Explain the systems framework for postural control
A
5
Q
Label the factors of balance
A
6
Q
Explain the task constraints in the system framework of postural control
A
7
Q
Explain the task constraints in the system framework of environmental control
A
8
Q
explain
A
9
Q
Explain steady state balance
A
10
Q
Explain
A
11
Q
What are the movement strategies of steady state balance?
A
12
Q
Explain
A
13
Q
List examples of clinical applications research for steady state balance
A
14
Q
Define reactive balance control
A
15
Q
Explain feedforward vs feedback aspects of postural control
A
16
Q
Explain
A
17
Q
Explain
A
18
Q
Explain
A
19
Q
Explain
A
20
Q
Explain
A
21
Q
Reactive balance control: Define mediolateral (ML) and multidirectional stability
A
22
Q
Reactive balance control: how are muscle synergies refined and tuned?
A
23
Q
Explain
A
24
Q
Explain reactive balance control in sitting and the clinical applications of research
A
25
Explain proactive balance control
26
Explain proactive balance in sitting and clinical applications
27
Explain the visual contributions to the sensory input for steady state balance
28
Explain the somatosensory contributions to the sensory input for steady state balance
29
Explain the vestibular contributions to the sensory input for steady state balance
30
Explain sensory integration in steady state balance
31
Explain task dependent sensory reweighing for steady state balance
32
Explain sensory inputs for reactive balance And clinical applications of research
33
Explain dual task interference and attentional resources
34
What functions add variation to attentional demands?
35
What are the clinical applications of research on cognitive aspects of postural control?
36
What are the spinal contributions?
37
What are the brainstems contributions?
38
What are the contributions of the basal ganglia and cerebellum?
39
How does each contribute to postural control?
40
What is a limiting factor/constraint on the emergence of behaviors?
41
Explain
42
What is the usual sequence of motor milestones?
43
What are some functional skills that require postural control?
44
Explain reflex/hierarchical theory
45
Explain
46
Explain
47
Explain
48
Explain
49
Explain
50
Postural control is the complex interaction between what?
51
Explain general movements in infants
52
Explain emerging head control
53
Explain
54
What type of input is important for postural control, gaze stabilization, homeostatic regulation, and spatial memory?
55
When does independent sitting emerge?
56
Explain the emergence of independent sitting
57
Does reactive balance control emerge prior to anticipatory control?
58
What must an infant learn to stand independently?
59
Define exploratory stance, and performatory postural sway
60
Explain the transition to an independent stance
61
Explain refinement of postural control
62
By what age are postural responses like an adult’s response?
63
What is defined as the ability to adapt sensory information about position and movement of the body in space to changing tasks and environmental conditions?
64
Explain cognitive systems in postural development
65
Cognitive systems: explain 1) changes in motor components, 2) refinements in postural motor behavior, 3) refinements in sensory aspects of postural control
66
(T/F) With increasing age, automaticity of postural control increases requiring less attentional resources
True
67
What are some external and internal factors that contribute to aging?
68
Explain the interaction between primary and secondary aging factors
69
Explain the heterogeneity of aging
70
Define falls
71
What are extrinsic/intrinsic risk factors for falls?
72
List common fall risk factors
73
List environmental fall risk factors
74
After hospital discharge, fall risk remains high for how long?
75
Explain the components of the musculoskeletal system
76
What can decreased range of motion and loss of spinal flexibility lead to?
77
Label issues
78
Clinicians include an evaluation of _______ neuromuscular and ______ musculoskeletal contributions to instability
primary, secondary
79
Define quiet stance
80
Explain how changes in reactive balance control can affect coordination of muscle response synergies
81
Reactive balance control: Both stable and unstable adults use les _____ dominated responses and more _____ dominated responses. Unstable older adults also use alternative strategies such as _____ at the ______ and using ______ for balance
ankle, hip, bending, knee, arms
82
83
How is the motor system affected due to age related changes?
84
Explain age related changes in anticipatory postural response
85
Explain age related changes to the sensory system
86
Explain age related changes to vestibular system
87
Explain adapting sense for postural control for aging adults and the clinical implications
88
Explain cognitive issues impacting posture control due to age related changes
89
Posture control is defined as:
controlling body’s position in space for dual purposes of stability and orientation
90
Which is a task constraint?
1) changes in the support surface
2) differences in visual conditions
3) needing to attend to other tasks or distractions
4) making anticipatory postural adjustments in preparation for a voluntary movement
4
91
Which of the following statements are characteristic of Reactive balance control?
1) Central nervous system (CNS) uses anticipatory processes in controlling action
2) rely on functional coupling of groups of muscles constrained to act together as a unit
3) Critical to lower-extremity activities
4) Postural activity precedes voluntary movement
2
92
What anatomical structural level contributes to the control of adaptation, modifies postural muscle activation amplitude in
response to changing task and environmental conditions?
cerebellum
93
(True/False) Directionally specific postural responses in neck muscles underlying reactive balance control in infants as young as 1 month of age
T
94
(True/False) A "fall" can be defined as "unintended contact with a support surface"
T
95
(True/False) Common age related changes in older adults that impact their standing posture includes idiopathic scoliosis.
F
