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1022 ANATOMY > Week 3-4 Joints of the pectoral girdle & Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint > Flashcards

Week 3-4 Joints of the pectoral girdle & Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint Flashcards

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1
Q

all type of joints and classification of the pectoral glide

A

sternoclavicular (SC) joint - synovial saddle joint (function as ball and socket joint) - atypical
acromioclavicular (AC) joint - synovial plane joint - atypical since wedge shaped and incomplete fibrocartilage disc
scapulothoracic joint - functional joint
glenohumeral (shoulder) joint - ball and socket joint

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2
Q

feature of clavicle

A

convex medial 2/3
concave lateral 1/3

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3
Q

clavicle - sternal (medial) end

A

sternal (articular) facet

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4
Q

clavicle - acromial (lateral) end

A

deltoid tubercle
acromial (articular) facet

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5
Q

bone and articular surfaces of sternoclavicular (SC) joint

A

sternum (clavicular notch)
clavicle (medial end)
1st costal cartilage (medial surface)

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6
Q

intra articular capsule of sternoclavicular (SC) joint

A

fibrocartilage

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7
Q

ligaments of sternoclavicular (SC) joint

A

anterior sternoclavicular - lay on capsule
posterior sternoclavicular - lay on capsule
interclavicular
costoclavicular - accessory ligament

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8
Q

movements of sternoclavicular (SC) joint

A

elevation/ depression
protraction/ retraction
posterior axial rotation

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9
Q

bone and articular surfaces of acromioclavicular (AC) joint

A

acromion (scapula)
clavicle (lateral end)

covered by fibrocartilage

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10
Q

intra-capsular disc of acromioclavicular (AC) joint

A

wedge shaped and incomplete fibrocartilaginous disc

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11
Q

ligaments of acromioclavicular (AC) joint

A

acromioclavicular - superior and inferior capsular thickenings
coracoclavicular - conoid & trapezoid

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12
Q

movements (stability) of acromioclavicular (AC) joint

A

3 degrees of freedom
passively - occurs with scapular movement
will adjust in any direction to allow scapular keep contact with chest wall

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13
Q

bone and articular surfaces of scapulothoracic joint

A

chest wall
body of scapula
serratus anterior acting as a disc

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14
Q

why scapulothoracic joint is a functional joint

A
  • no fibrous cartilaginous and synovial tissue
  • relies on muscles
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15
Q

resting position of the scapula on thorax - base of spine of scapula & inferior angle

A

base of spine of scapula - T3
inferior angle - T7

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16
Q

functions of scapulothoracic joint

A
  • scapular motion increases overall shoulder movement (keep humeral head in contact with glenoid fossa)
  • maintains scapulohumeral rhythm
  • movement relies of AC and SC joint movement
    .
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17
Q

movements of scapulothoracic joint

A

elevation/ depression
protraction/ retraction
upward/ downward rotation

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18
Q

bone and articular surfaces of glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

A

glenoid fossa of scapula
head of humerus (held by rotator cuff)

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19
Q

fibrous capsule and attachments of glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

A

fibrous capsule: loose cylindrical sleeve
attachments: margin of articular surfaces

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20
Q

reinforcements of glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

A

dynamic ligaments (distal attachment of the rotator tendons)

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21
Q

deficiencies of glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

A

top of bicipital groove
inferior to coracoid process

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22
Q

synovial membrane and communications with bursae

A

subscapular (communicating)
subacromial (non-communicating)

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23
Q

intrinsic, extrinsic and accessory ligaments of glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

A

intrinsic:
glenohumeral - superior, middle, inferior
transveral humeral

extrinsic: coracohumeral
accessory: coracoacromial

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24
Q

nerve supply of glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

A

suprascapular
subscapular
axillary
lateral pectoral
musculocutaneous

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25
special structures of glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
glenoid labrum long head of biceps tendon
26
movements of glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
flexion/ extension abduction/ adduction medial/ lateral rotation circumduction
27
blood supply of glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
**`suprascapular vessels`** - above suprascapular notch **anterior circumflex humeral vessels** - from axillary artery extend **posterior circumflex humeral vessels** - from axillary artery extend
28
what structures help to support the superior aspect of the glenohumeral joint
- coracohumeral ligament - long head of biceps brachii tendon - supraspinatus tendon
29
typically, the glenohumeral joint is prone to dislocation in which direction?
anterioinferiorly
30
what are the two muscles of scapular stabilization
serratus anterior and trapezius
31
scapulohumeral rhythm
- scapula and humeral to **achieve** UL elevation - positioning glenoid fossa to **serve UL function** - contributes to enough length tension of muscles (eg: deltoid) to cross GH joint - loss of movement leads to shoulder dysfunction - 180 degrees elevation = 120 degrees GH: 60 degrees scapulothoracic (30 AC & 30 SC)
32
muscles that contributes downward rotation of the scapula
rhomboid major/ minor - retracts scapula levator scapulae - elevates scapula pectoralis minor - depress scapula, protracts scapula
33
muscles that contributes upward rotation of the scapula
trapezius (upper, middle, lower) - retracts scapula serratus anterior - protracts scapula
34
muscles that contributes retraction of the scapula
trapezius (upper, middle, lower) - upward rot of scapula rhomoids majoir/ minor - downward rot of scapula
35
full abduction of GH joint needs to add some...
external rotation (but easy to dislocate)
36
proximal and distal attachment of pectoralis major
proximal: - **clavicle head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle** - **sternocostal head: *anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages***, aponeurosis of external oblique muscles distal: `lateral lip` **of intertubercular sulcus of humerus**
37
innveration of pectoralis major
lateral and medial pectoral nerves
38
main action of pectoralis major
- **adducts and medially rotates humerus** - draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
39
proximal and distal attachment of pectoralis minor
proximal: 3rd - 5th ribs near costal cartilages distal: medial border and superior surface of *coracoid process of scapula*
40
innervation of pectoralis minor
medial pectoral nerve
41
main action of pectoralis minor
- stabilise scapula by drawing it *inferiorly and anteriorly* against thoracic wall
42
proximal and distal attachment of serratus anterior
proximal: external surfaces of lateral parts of **1-8th ribs** distal: anterior surface of **medial border** of scapula
43
innervation of serratus anterior
long thoracic nerve
44
main action of serratus anterior
- **protracts** scapula and holds it against thoracic wall - rotates scapula
45
proximal and distal attachment of trapezius
proximal: - **nuchal ligament** - **spinous process of C7-T12 vertebrae** - medial `third` of **superior nuchal line** distal: `lateral third of acromion, clavicle and spine of scapula` ## Footnote distal attachment of trapezius same as proximal attachment of deltoid
46
innervation of trapezius
accessory nerve
47
main action of trapezius
elevates, retracts, rotates scapula
48
proximal and distal attachment of latissimus dorsi
proximal: - last 3 ribs - spinous process of T7-L5 vertebrae - iliac crest distal: **intertubercular sulcus of humerus**
49
innervation of latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve
50
main action of latissimus dorsi
**extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus** at shoulder
51
proximal and distal attachment of levator scapulae
proximal: posterior **tubercles** of **transverse process of C1-C4 vertebrae** distal: **medial border of scapula** `from superior angle to spine`
52
innervation of levator scapulae
**dorsal scapular nerve**, vental rami C3-C4
53
main action of levator scapulae
elevates scapula medially
54
proximal and distal attachment of rhomboid minor
proximal: - nuchal ligament - spinous process of **C7-T1** vertebrae didtal: medial border of scapula `at` spine of scapula
55
innervation of rhomboid minor
**dorsal scapular nerve**
56
main action of rhomboid minor
**fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity**
57
proximal and distal attachment of rhomboid major
proximal: spinous process of **T2-T5** vertebrae distal: medial border of scapula `below base` of spine of scapula
58
innervation of rhomboid major
**dorsal scapular nerve**
59
main action of rhomboid major
**fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity**
60
proximal and distal attachment of deltoid
proximal: **lateral third of acromion, clavicle, spine of scapula** distal: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
61
innervation of deltoid
axillary nerve
62
main action of deltoid
acromion: **abducts** `arm` clavicle: **flexes** and **medially** rotates `arm` spinal: **extends** and **laterally** rotates `arm`
63
proximal and distal attachment of supraspinatus
proximal: `supraspinous fossa` **of scapula and deep fascia** distal: `superior facet` **of greater tubercle of humerus**
64
innervation of supraspinatus
**suprascapular nerve**
65
main action of supraspinatus
initiates arm abduction, acts with rotator cuff muscles
66
proximal and distal attachment of infraspinatus
proximal: `infraspinous` **fossa of scapula and deep fascia** distal: `middle facet` **of greater tubercle of humerus**
67
innervation of infraspinatus
**suprascapular nerve**
68
main action of infraspinatus
lateral rotates arm
69
proximal and distal attachment of teres minor
proximal: **middle part** of lateral border of scapula distal: `inferior facet` **of greater tubercle of humerus**
70
innervation of teres minor
axillary nerve
71
main action of teres minor
lateral rotates arm
72
proximal and distal attachment of teres major
proximal: **posterior surface** of inferior angle of scapula distal: `medial lip` **of intertubercular sulcus of humerus**
73
innervation of teres major
lower subscapular nerve
74
main action of teres major
adducts and medially rotates arm
75
proximal and distal attachment of subscapularis
proximal: subscapular fossa distal: lesser tubercle of humerus
76
innervation of subscapulaaris
lower and upper subscapular nerve
77
main action of subscapularis
medially rotates arm
78
what muscles are attached to intertubercular sulcus?
pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major
79
what is scapular dyskinesis? common causes? muscles in resting position?
alternation of normal scapular kinematics common causes: - joints - AC instability, GH instability/ impingment - muscles - lack of flexibility muscles: - tight pectoralis minor - weak upper trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids
80
positive dyskinesis test
- **wringing**: **prominence of medial border or inferior scapular angle** - **dysrhythmia**: **delayed**/ premature **motion**, excessive or stuttering 結結巴巴的 motion **of scapula during elevation** .
81
what is the space in deltoid (shoulder) region
quadrangular space
82
borders and contents of deltoid (shoulder) region ## Footnote border: superior, inferior, medial, lateral
borders: superior: **inferior border** of **teres minor** inferior: **superior border** of **teres major** medial: **long head of tricpes** lateral: **surgical neck of humerus** contents: axillary nerve posterior circumflex humeral artery
83
what is the space in scapular region
triangular space
84
borders and content of scapular region ## Footnote superior, inferior, lateral
borders: superior: inferior border of teres minor inferior: superior border of teres major lateral: long head of triceps content: circumflex scapular **artery**

1022 ANATOMY (10 decks)

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