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Bio 11 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

define rhizoids

A

long thin cells that are anchored into the ground and absorb water and minerals

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2
Q

what is the capsule?

A

contains sporangia which release spores

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3
Q

what is the stem and leaves function?

A

it is the site of photosynthesis

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4
Q

what is the seta

A

to hold up the capsule

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5
Q

what are some characteristics of Bryophyta?

A
  • Needs water for reproduction
  • found in swamps, marshes, near streams and rainforests
  • no water conducting tubes
  • lack protective surface to decrease evaporation
  • lack of true roots but has rhizoids
  • Life Cycle- alteration of generations (haploid gametophyte and diploid)
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6
Q

What Phylum has a capsule, seta, stem, leaves, rhizoids, sporophyte and gametophyte

A

Bryophyta (moss)

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7
Q

What phylum has Blades, a Gas Bladder, a Stipe, Holdfast, and a Frond

A

(Red, Brown and Green) Algae (marine plants)

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8
Q

What is the Stipe and which Phylum does it belong to?

A

It’s a stem-like structure to support Algae plants

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9
Q

Whats the function for the Gas Bladder. Which Phylum does it belong to?

A

to keep blades buoyant. Belongs to Algae

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10
Q

What is the blade and which Phylum does it belong to?

A

it is a leaf-like structure and is the site for photosynthesis. this phylum belongs to the Algae

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11
Q

what is the frond and which phylum does it belong to?

A

it is the algae and tracheophyta’s full area of photosynthesis

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12
Q

what is the holdfast? what phylum is it in?

A

root-like structure to anchor/help the algae attach to the ground.

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13
Q

what are some characteristics of the Algae

A
  • photosynthetic
  • lives in aquatic environments
  • no internal tubing for water or nutrient movement
  • unicellular
  • has chlrophyll
  • sexual and asexual
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14
Q

1N means and 2N means

A 
1N = Haploid 
2N = Diploid
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15
Q

What is the male structure in gametophyte for Bryophyta

A

Antheridium

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16
Q

What is the female structure in gametophyte for Bryophyte

A

Archegonium

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17
Q

What does the moss (Bryophyta) lifecycle look like?

A
  1. release of spores from capsule.
  2. both spores grow into protonema.
  3. male and female gametophyte haploids are produced/grown.
  4. sperm is released from antheridium and is attracted to the archegonium.
  5. both fuse to produce a zygote which turns into an embryo (Sporophyte).
18
Q

What phylum has a rhizome, frond, fiddlehead and roots

A

Tracheophyta (ferns)

19
Q

what are some characteristics of fern

A
  • it has vascular tissue
  • thrives with minimal amount of light
  • dominant stage diploid sporophyte
  • forested areas close to the ground
20
Q

what generation is the most dominant in ferns?

A

sporophyte

21
Q

how does the sperm get to the egg in the fern life cycle

A

it swims via water

22
Q

what is vascular tissue?

A

type of plant tissue specialized to conduct water and nutrients throughout a plant.

23
Q

what is the development of the vascular tissue

A

xylom conducts H2O from roots to the rest of the plant

and phelom conducts nutrients and other marterials to the rest of the plant.

24
Q

what are the two types of growths for stems

A

Primary Growth- growth at the tips

Secondary Growth- growth in width

25
Q

what is the process of the fern life cycle?

A
  1. sporangium produces spores through meiosis
  2. male and female gametophyte haploids are produced
  3. sperm is released from antheridium and is attracted to the archegonium.
  4. both fuse to produce a zygote which turns into an young sporophyte to a mature sparophyte from mitosis..
26
Q

which phylums have vascular tissue and which do not?

A

Algae and Bryopheta are non-vascular while Trancheophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms have vascular tissue

27
Q

what is the function of roots?

A

to absorb H2O and nutrients from soil

28
Q

What are some characteristics of Gymnosperms

A
  • needle or scale-like leaves
  • vascular
  • true leaves, true stem, true roots
  • conifers-have cones (male/females)
29
Q

what is the life cycle of the gymnosperms?

A
  1. Ovulate cone(female cone) produces haploid egg and pollen cone(male cone) produces pollen.
  2. Pollen reaches the egg through pollentube and fertilization occurs.
  3. Embryo will be encased in seed.
  4. The seed will fall to the ground and a seedling will start to grow and eventually become a mature sparophyte.
30
Q

What Phylum has a petal, Anther, Filament, Sepal, Ovule, Style and Stigma

A

Anigiosperms (plants with seeds inside fruits)

31
Q

What are the two types of Angiosperms

A

Class Moncotyledons and

Class Dicotyledons

32
Q

what are some characteristics of Angiosperms(Class Monocotyledons)

A
  • Embryos with one seed leaf (cotyledon)
  • Parallel leaf veins
  • flower parts in threes or multiples of three
  • vascular bundles are scattered randomly
33
Q

what are some characteristics of Angiosperms

A
  • vascular plants
  • has true leaves, roots and stems
  • flowers contain reproductive structures
  • fruit may encase seeds to dispersed
34
Q

what are some characteristics of Angiosperms(Class Dicotyledones)

A
  • Embryos with two seed leaves
  • Leaf veins in net-like pattern
  • Flower parts in groups of four or five vascular bundles in stems arranged in ring pattern
  • Vascular bundles in stems arranged in ring pattern
35
Q

what is the anther? which phylum does it belong to?

A

an oval sac where meiosis takes place producing hapliod male gametophytes. this belongs to the angiosperms

36
Q

what is the filament? which phylum does it belong to?

A

a long thin stalk that supports the anther. this belongs to the angiosperms

37
Q

what is the sepal? which phylum does it belong to?

A

it protects the flower while it’s developing. this belongs to the angiosperms

38
Q

what is the ovule?

A

it is where the female gametophytes are produced

39
Q

what is the style. which phylum does it bleong to?

A

the diameter of the carpel that narrows into a tall stalk. this belongs to the angiosperms

40
Q

what is stigma. which phylum does it belong to?

A

it is where pollen gain frequently land. this belongs to the angiosperms

Bio 11 (5 decks)

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