Week 3

Question 1

What is the role and function of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Control and coordinate the functioning of the body. Receive information from the sensory neuron, process information by the brain and spinal cord and respond by an effector (muscle/gland)

Question 2

What is the sensory receptor of the ear?

Answer 2

Mechanoreceptors

Question 3

What is the sensory receptor of the eye?

Answer 3

Photoreceptors

Question 4

What is the sensory receptor of the nose?

Answer 4

Chemoreceptors

Question 5

What is the sensory receptor of the tongue?

Answer 5

Chemoreceptors

Question 6

What is the sensory receptor of the skin?

Answer 6

Thermoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Pain Receptors

Question 7

What are the stimuli of the ear?

Answer 7

Sound

Question 8

What are the stimuli of the eye?

Answer 8

Light

Question 9

What are the stimuli of the tongue?

Answer 9

chemicals

Question 10

What are the stimuli of the nose?

Answer 10

chemicals

Question 11

What are the stimuli of the skin?

Answer 11

temperature, touch, movement, pain

Question 12

What is the central nervous system (CNS)?

Answer 12

Control center of the body that processes incoming messages from the environment.

Question 13

What parts of the body relate to the CNS?

Answer 13

Brain and spinal cord

Question 14

What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Answer 14

Carries information to and from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

Has somatic and autonomous

Question 15

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 15

controls voluntary skeletal movements

Question 16

What is the autonomous nervous system?

Answer 16

controls involuntary actions, which occur without conscious control.

Has sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 17

What does sympathetic mean in the nervous system?

Answer 17

Fight, flight or freeze in the body

Question 18

What does parasympathetic mean in the nervous system?

Answer 18

rest and digest. conserve and restore

Question 19

What is the reflex arc?

Answer 19

an involuntary and instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.

Question 20

What does the sensory neuron do?

Answer 20

carry messages from receptors to spinal cord.

Question 21

What does the interneuron do?

Answer 21

Interneuron sends two messages: one to the brain and one to the muscles via a motor neuron

Question 22

What is the cerebrum and what are the 4 labels it’s divided into?

Answer 22

Associated with higher thinking orders.

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Question 23

What is the Frontal lobe?

Answer 23

deals with emotions, reasoning, movement, and problem-solving

Question 24

What is the Parietal lobe?

Answer 24

Manages the perception of Senses

Question 25

What is the Temporal lobe?

Answer 25

deals with the recognition of sounds and smells

Question 26

What is the Occipital lobe?

Answer 26

responsible for vision

Question 27

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 27

responsible for movement, balance, and coordination

Question 28

What is the brain stem?

Answer 28

connects the brain to the spinal cord and contains the medulla oblongata.

Question 29

What is the medulla oblongata?

Answer 29

controls automatic functions such as breathing and digestion.

Question 30

What is the pons?

Answer 30

assists in automatic functions such as breathing, sleep, and arousal.

Question 31

What is the midbrain?

Answer 31

contains areas that receive and process sensory information, such as a movement and vision.

Question 32

What is the thalamus?

Answer 32

processes and carries messages for sensory information to the cortex.

Question 33

What is the role of neurons?

Answer 33

The basic unit of the nervous system. A cell that carries electrical impulses.

Question 34

what do dendrites do?

Answer 34

Receive stimuli

Question 35

What does the nerve cell body do?

Answer 35

At nucleus transmits the stimuli

Question 36

What do the axons do?

Answer 36

Transmits the impulse to another dendrite

Question 37

What is the myelin sheath?

Answer 37

Fatty, insulating layer, allows nerve impulses to travel faster

Question 38

What is the axon terminal?

Answer 38

Found at the end of the neuron, release chemicals which carry the message to the next neuron

Question 39

What is the cell body?

Answer 39

The main part of a cell that contains the nucleus/genetic material

Question 40

What is the synapse?

Answer 40

The small gap between two neurons that must be crossed by neurotransmitters (chemical messengers)

Question 41

What is the role of the endocrine?

Answer 41

A system of glands that secrete different types of hormones directly into the bloodstream or surrounding tissues.

Question 42

What are hormones?

Answer 42

Chemical messages which travel through the bloodstream they communicate with the body by heading toward the target cell to bring about a change or effect to the cell Works together with the nervous system and immune system to help the body cope with stress and changes

Question 43

What are the 6 parts of the endocrine system?

Answer 43

- Hypothalamus - Pituitary Gland - Thyroid Gland - Pancreas - Ovaries - Testes

Question 44

What is the function of the Pituitary gland and where is it located?

Answer 44

Control other glands and body growth. “Master gland” Located base of the brain, below the hypothalamus

Question 45

What is the function of the Thyroid gland and where is it located?

Answer 45

Controls the rate that food is turned into energy. “Metabolism” Located in front of the neck below the larynx

Question 46

What is the function of the Pancreas and where is it located?

Answer 46

Controls the body’s use of glucose Located just below the kidneys, near the stomach

Question 47

What are the two hormones of the pituitary gland?

Answer 47

``` Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ```

Question 48

What is the hormone of the pancreas?

Answer 48

Insulin

Question 49

What is the target organ/cells for the pituitary gland?

Answer 49

Thyroid Gland (TSH) Nephrons - Kidney (ADH)

Question 50

What is the target organ/cell for the pancreas?

Answer 50

Most cells

Question 51

What are the main effects of the pituitary gland?

Answer 51

Secrets hormones from the thyroid gland (TSH) Increases the amount of water reabsorbed (ADH)

Question 52

What are the main effects of pancreas?

Answer 52

Stimulates uptake of glucose; lowers blood glucose level

Question 53

What is the basic role of homeostasis?

Answer 53

The process for maintaining an internal “steady state” in an organism. The aim is to keep internal conditions within a narrow range or SETPOINT.

Question 54

In homeostasis, what happens if conditions change from a set point?

Answer 54

Organism may die

Question 55

In homeostasis, what do effectors do?

Answer 55

help the body to respond in ways to reset the balance, returning the conditions to normal levels.

Question 56

What is the feedback loop?

Answer 56

It helps maintain homeostasis. Negative feedback occurs when the response acts to oppose the initial change.

Question 57

How does it maintain blood sugar in relation to the nervous system?

Answer 57

The autonomic division of the nervous system modulates the release of insulin and glucagon