Week 3 Behavourial Therioes And Stratiges For Promoting Exercise

Question 1

Physical activity

Answer 1

Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure.

Question 2

Physical inactivity

Answer 2

Physical inactivity is defined as not reaching the recommended government guidelines for PA

Question 3

Sedentary behaviour

Answer 3

Any waking behaviour characterized by an energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs), while in a sitting, reclining or lying posture. In general this means that any time a person is sitting or lying down, they are engaging in sedentary behaviour

Question 4

Exercise

Answer 4

Physical activity requiring physical effort, carried out to sustain or improve health and fitness

Question 5

Sport

Answer 5

An activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment

Question 6

Adult guidelines

Answer 6

Should try and be active daily and should do: at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity such as cycling or brisk walking every week, and strength exercises on 2 or more days a week that work all the major muscles (legs, hips, back, abdomen, chest, shoulders and arms).

Question 7

Child guidelines

Answer 7

Between 60 mins up to several hours every day of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity. Three days a week should include vigorous intensity activities that strengthen muscle and bone.

Question 8

Physical inactivity stats

Answer 8

Physical inactivity is a well-known major risk factor for development chronic diseases.

Despite known risks, approximately only half of UK adults meet government targets for physical activity

Nearly one-quarter of the population is classed as in-active and one-third are sedentary for >6 hours per day

Map - age 16+ participating in at least 30mins mod intensity PA/sport at least once a week.

The light blue colors indicate those people who are not achieving those guidelines of at least 30min once a week. So, 23.2 – 35.3% (blue colours) of adults are not even participating in PA/Sport at least once a week?

Physical Inactivity = Large problem

Question 9

Physical activity in adults

Answer 9

26% participated in PA less than 30mins per week. 13% did between 30-150mins per week (39% under guidelines)

physical inactivity by age – increase in inactivity with age
How accurate? We don’t know. Depends how info was collected, processed, analysed etc

Question 10

Physical activity in children uk

Answer 10

Increase in PA in children from 2012 – 2015 in both boys & girls. Boys increased 21% and girls by 16%. Legacy of Olympics? More info out on this, more demand on NHS sparking interventions? Who knows.

R hand graph – Proportion of population being sedentary for 6hr or more. Time being sedentary increases as you get older as a child. Approx 5% of population of 2-4yr olds are sedentary for 6hr or more during the week vs ~20% for 13-15 during the week (~35% at weekends)

Same problem with accuracy – didn’t assess every child in the country – they are extrapolating the data they have. V. problematic logistically to actually go and collect all that data.

Question 11

What’s the problem

Answer 11

Poor adherence rates
> 50% of people drop out within 6 months of new exercise plan
Failure
Lack of improvement
Changes in motivation

Are the changes too substantial?
Rather than implementing an ‘exercise plan’ implement more activity into everyday life

Question 12

Why consider psychology

Answer 12

Understanding factors that influence someone’s decision to become active and stay active

Physiological and psychological benefits of PA can be cited to help persuade inactive people to initiate more activity

But are knowing the benefits of PA enough?

Question 13

Why do we exercise ?

Answer 13

Health
Appearance/weight control
Enjoyment
Rehabilitation
General fitness
Sport specific fitness
General wellbeing
Building self-esteem
Socialising

On the NHS website, they state that one miracle cure can reduce your risk of major illnesses, such asheart disease,stroke,type 2 diabetesandcancerby up to 50% and lower your risk of early death by up to 30%. It’s free, easy to take, has an immediate effect and you don’t need a GP to get some.Its name? Exercise.

Question 14

Barriers to activity

Answer 14

Barriers to activity can be separated into Major, Moderate & Minor.

They also fit into different types such as individual (relating to the individual themselves) or to the environment an individual finds themselves in
There are further divisions of barriers depending on what research you read

Question 15

Explaining the intention-behaviour gap

Answer 15

Intention > behaviour

Behavioral models/theories can help us to understand and close the gap between our good intentions and behavior

There is often a disconnect between what we know is right (our intention) and what we actually do (our behavior).

We know eating bad foods, drinking lots of alcohol & sitting on the sofa all day are bad for our health, but sometimes, some of us still do it.
So we look at a way to bridge that intention – behaviour gap. The behavioural models and concepts can help us understand why there is a disconnect and provide a bridge to help close the gap between good intentions we have & our actual behaviour.